Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences

Volume 12, No. 19th AIC, Langkawi, Malaysia

Published March 24, 2024

9th ASIA Internatational Confernece 2023

  1. Asad Ali Khan, Muhammad Meraj, Hafiza Marium Asif

    Unveiling the Diverse Dimensions of Sustainable Consumption, Ecological Behavior, and Environmental Awareness among Pakistan's University Students: An Empirical Study

    The earth is on the verge of environmental disaster. The nature is turning its horn in terms of ecological positioning. Floods are being evident in the deserts, and hot and humid weather occurred in cities that once considered as chilly and breezy. A rapid change in weather conditions indicates or bells an alarm for the entire humans to retrospect their behavior towards the nature or environment. This paper is an effort to address the issue narrated above. It describes the environmental awareness among the university students in Pakistan. A country which is vastly affected due to recent weather changes or it is paying the price of industrialization of other countries because yet it is largely dependent on primary sector. The study recognizes the pressing need for sustainable consumption practices in Pakistan's environmental landscape. Its objectives include understanding the factors influencing sustainable consumption, delving into the underlying drivers of eco-consciousness, and investigating the dynamic relationships between student characteristics and ecological consciousness. Employing a robust methodology, the research explores existing literature and analyzes empirical results, revealing a high level of acceptance of ecological awareness and sustainable practices among participants. The findings exhibits the significance of integrating sustainability into higher education institutions, providing essential insights for policymakers and educators in steering Pakistan towards a more environmentally conscious future.

  2. Mohammad Naim Ismail, Maegan Herney Hermes, Razalina Abdul Rashid, Fairul Ifnee Othman, Md Rosli Ismail, Wan Mohd Hirwani Wan Hussain

    Factors Affecting Green Entrepreneurial Intention in Malaysian University Students After the Covid-19 Pandemic

    The business world has witnessed a shift towards green entrepreneurship, driven by the need to address environmental issues and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Traditional businesses have embraced technology and adapted their strategies to align with environmental preservation goals. The level of pollution, including water and air pollution, caused by large corporations has become a significant concern globally. Green entrepreneurship involves selling environmentally friendly products and working towards economic stability while safeguarding the environment. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted global economies and caused uncertainties in economic growth, leading to virtual communication and limited supply and demand. Moreover, the pandemic has highlighted the vulnerability of businesses, emphasising the importance of adopting a green business model to prevent future health-related crises. Efforts to protect the environment have been increasing since the early 1970s, with universities playing a crucial role in promoting entrepreneurial education and practical training. However, aspiring entrepreneurs, especially students, face challenges in accessing information, funding, and government support for their green business ideas. Future entrepreneurs and the younger generation hold the key to creating a greener business environment and need support from universities and businesses. A total of 169 useful responses were received to be analysed for this study. The results confirms the positive significance of self-efficacy, attitude, and the need for achievement on green entrepreneurial intention. However, educational support did not show a significant influence. These findings confirm essential factors for green entrepreneurship, also highlighting the practical implications and potential roles of educational institutions and policymakers in fostering sustainable entrepreneurship among university students.

  3. Nurhidayah Bahar, Zulkefli Mansor, Dian Indrayani Jambari , Sabrina Tiun, Farzana Parveen Tajudeen

    Mapping the Landscape of Collaborative Learning in Higher Education: A Bibliometric Journey from 2000 to 2023

    Collaborative learning is an umbrella term encapsulating various educational approaches involving joint intellectual efforts by students, or students and teachers collaboratively. Typically occurring in groups of two or more, participants engage in mutual exploration for understanding, solutions, or meanings, ultimately creating a product. This bibliometric review explores collaborative learning studies from the Scopus database, employing statistical methods to analyze 1,974 documents spanning 2000 to 2023. The study assesses annual scientific production, average citations per year, top 10 source titles, sources’ production over time, most relevant authors, authors’ production over time, most globally cited documents, and a word summary of relevant terms. The findings reveal a rising trend in collaborative learning research and identify influential sources and authors. While the study suggests the need for broader keyword inclusion and database expansion for a comprehensive overview, it lays the foundation for understanding collaborative learning research dynamics. The paper stimulates future inquiries in the evolving landscape of collaborative learning. The research's significance lies in providing a guiding framework for stakeholders in the expansive field of collaborative learning.

  4. Muhammad Anus, MD Asri Ngadi

    Comparison Analysis of Blockchain Consensus Algorithms in Decentralized Public Environment: A Review

    The rapid evolution of blockchain technology has led to the development of various consensus algorithms (Ben-Sasson et al., 2014), each with distinct characteristics that influence the scalability, decentralization, energy efficiency, and transaction costs within decentralized public environments (Ampel et al., 2019). This study provides a comprehensive review of prominent consensus mechanisms (Block & Marcussen, 2019), including Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS), Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET), and others, to elucidate their operational principles (Hu et al., 2021), strengths, and limitations (Al-Housni, 2019). Through a systematic comparison based on defined parameters, we dissect the transaction processes across different blockchains to understand their suitability for diverse applications. Our findings reveal significant trade-offs among the chosen algorithms, highlighting how they balance efficiency with security and decentralization. The analysis aims to offer insights into optimizing blockchain design for enhanced performance and sustainability, addressing the critical challenges faced by current and future decentralized systems. This paper not only serves as a guide for selecting appropriate consensus algorithms for specific needs but also sets the stage for further research into developing more robust and efficient blockchain frameworks.

  5. Nor Intan Shamimi Abdul Aziz, Mass Hareeza Ali, Ahmad Taufik Jamil, Yuhanis Abd Aziz

    Reliability and Validity of Factors Affecting Quality of life in Breast Cancer Survivors

    The high prevalence and mortality rates of breast cancer among women in global are a pressing concern. In Malaysia, about 8418 women from different cultural background were diagnosed with this disease in 2020, which emphasizing the need to address the factors that impact their quality of life. Certain factors have been identified through literature search and it was found that psychological state, self-care behavior, social support, healthcare support and the use of social media affect cancer women’s quality of life. To identify the usefulness of the related items, this study assessed reliability and validity of a survey instrument measuring those five factors that relate to the factors affecting quality of life in breast cancer. It measured six constructs using a 5-likert scale. Thirty breast cancer survivors have participated in this study, which, in result, found the instrument to be reliable for all measured constructs. However, one construct and certain items were found to be invalid, indicating the need for revision to ensure the instrument’s high validity. Future studies can explore these factors in more detail using qualitative methods through interview gathering data technique. The study also has policy implications to develop social media education and awareness program specifically for local women with breast cancer, as well as community to promote responsible and effective use of social media, which then focus to improve overall quality of life.

  6. Malini Sathappan, Tek Yew Lew, Osaro Aigbogun

    Perception of Deviant Workplace Behaviour and Antecedents in Law Enforcement Agency in a Developing Country Context

    Deviant workplace behaviour (DWB) has drawn the attention of many scholars in various aspects such as definition, identifying causes and consequences. Studies has been conducted in various organizations. However not enough attention has been paid to law enforcement agencies. This study explores antecedents of DWB among law enforcement officers in Malaysia. A qualitative study was conducted among officers from different departments. They were recruited using a purposive sample technique and the data collected were analysed using thematic analysis. From the study it was found that 7 factors made up the antecedents of DWB among law enforcement officers in Malaysia. i.e lack of proper up-bringing and teaching, lack of financial support, high level of stress, lack of competence and integrity, work environment, cost of living and family issues. The practical implication of this study contributes towards reducing DWB will enhance employees’ commitment and performance. Besides that it also imperative for law enforcement officers to be effective and accountable at work. The findings of this study shall provide a comprehensive understanding on causes DWB.

  7. Chim Weng Kong, Maria Binti Abdul Rahman

    Enhancing Customer Retention within Malaysia Banking: Exploring the Impact of Relationship Marketing, Service Quality, Price, and Mediating Role of Satisfaction

    The value of Customer Retention as the primary goal is to cultivate a loyal customer base that continually generates revenue through repeat transactions. The merger undertaken by the bank has resulted in a more extensive customer base, affording the opportunity for cross-selling various financial products. It is noteworthy that the performance of banks exhibited fluctuations. Remarkably, smaller banks can outperform their larger counterparts. As a result, this study aims to explore the strategies that enhance customer satisfaction by nurturing customer relationships through the perspective of Relationship Marketing. The establishment of long-term relationships emerges as a pivotal approach for banks to deliver quality services, encompassing both human and non-human interaction. Satisfaction plays a mediating role in achieving customers’ expectations in addition of the pricing strategy employed by banks, particularly the interest rates extended to customers. To obtain empirical insights, quantitative research is being conducted. Questionnaires have been distributed to customers selected at random from three distinct areas in Perak state. A total of 129 questionnaires were gathered and analyzed with SmartPLS. The outcomes were positive and supported relationship between relationship marketing and service quality in promoting retaining customer, with the two variables being mediated by satisfaction. Despite that, the linkage of pricing strategies and Customer Retention is not substantiated, and no mediation through customer satisfaction is observed. This implies that customers may be highly inclined to switch if being offered more competitive pricing. For future investigations, in the banking performance, are encouraged to explore the perspective of banks’ operation cost and management expenses.

  8. Chao-Fen Pan, Chien-Der Lin, Yun-Cheng Jhong

    Intelligent System for Elderly Health Promotion

    This study addresses the decline in mental and physical function among the elderly, leading to limitations in daily activities due to disability and dementia. The aim is to enable healthy and autonomous aging by developing an Intelligent System for Elderly Health Promotion. The system systematically promotes physical and mental health, aiming to enhance the quality of life for the elderly, delay disability or dementia, and achieve active aging. The research employs IoT sensors on rehabilitation devices, integrating gaming elements to make elderly activities more engaging. The system collects multi-directional data from sensors and games, conducting exercise analysis for preliminary staff suggestions. Reports are generated every 12 weeks for overall analysis, with weekly reports for individual participants utilizing statistical methods for initial insights. The comprehensive 12-week report provides detailed movement analysis, aiding staff and physical therapists in assessing effectiveness. Results indicate the Intelligent System Health Promotion effectively maintains and improves elderly exercise training. The number of participants has grown from six to over fifty in two months, with an increase in regular and correct exercise. Individual reports show improved operation of rehabilitation equipment and cognitive abilities, as evidenced by achieving target scores in the game. In discussion, the study introduces a technological solution for elderly health promotion, providing concrete benefits. However, the reports and recommendations are considered preliminary, requiring validation by professionals and multiple devices to assess elderly physical conditions accurately. The system is envisioned to support frontline staff with real-time information, aiding in quick decision-making to enhance the pleasure of elderly exercise, consistently improving quality of life and physical abilities. A positive impact on the future of elderly health promotion and technology applications is anticipated.

  9. Junjian Gao, Midya Yousefi

    The Impact of COVID-19 on Chinese Parents And Students: Shifting Perspectives on Higher Education Amidst the Crisis

    Since 2020, Chinese students studying in the United States have suffered a precipitous decline in enrollment. The restrictive nature of Chinese and American student visa policies during COVID-19 impacted Chinese international students' travel and admissions patterns. The result was an increased number of Chinese students studying in the U.K. and the European Union. This study employed approximately 60-minute ethnographic interviews with 15 participants to investigate Chinese parental decision making during the COVID crisis regarding their children's study abroad. The semi-structured audio-recorded interviews were conducted both remotely and physically. Interview data identified six major factor themes directed toward these fifteen parent participants: 1. Physical Safety, 2. Gender of Applicant, 3. Familial Financial Concerns, 4. Likelihood of Return, 5. Elite Education, and 6. "Conor Overtaking". These were strong indications that factors impact decision-making, and the COVID crisis has been involved in the process. Implications are discussed.

  10. Norhaslinda Hassan

    Beyond the Test Score: The Broader Use of MUET in Malaysian Higher Education

    The present study seeks to explore the test use and consequences of the Malaysian University English Test (MUET), a high-stakes university entry test in Malaysia that is used as an entry requirement for undergraduate education in Malaysia. It is deemed important to look into the consequences, particularly its washback associated with the use and interpretation of MUET as these consequences need to be understood in relation to the context in which the test is being implemented. Evaluation of large-scale assessment programs that are implemented to enhance educational quality involves investigating both their intended and unintended consequences. Therefore, this study sets out to examine both the intended and actual use and consequences of the MUET. Participants of this study include MUET test developers and students who have already taken the MUET and are currently situated in a diverse educational environment. A qualitative method was employed by means of document analysis and focused-group discussion. It was found that MUET has an impact in academic contexts as the students’ experience of taking MUET has improved their proficiency in English as well as their motivation to learn English.

  11. Sandhya Rani Pal, Sankar Prasad Mohanty

    Perception of Anganwadi Workers (AWW) on Developmentally Appropriate Practices (DAP) at Early Childhood Care and Education Centres

    Hundred Anganwadi Workers (AWW) from the twin city of Odisha, India participated in the current study to discover their perception of Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) as a part of Early Childhood Care and Education through Anganwadis. As Developmentally Appropriate Practice needs a deep understanding of each child and the child’s context of living, this study found out the perception of teachers or Anganwadi Workers by using the Teachers’ Perception Questionnaire. The data includes the perception level which was categorized under the AWWs’ understanding and maintenance of the Physical environment of learning, providing Developmentally  Appropriate play and learning materials to learners, transactional Activities done by the AWWs and assessing child’s development and learning, their initiatives to involve parents and families of children and establishing reciprocal relationship with them and finally how well they have self-awareness about their actions and self-evaluation. The collected data were thematically analyzed and the result showed that the AWWs were very much aware of their actions and understanding of the world around them. Most understood Developmentally Appropriate Practices and how it can be best implemented in the Early Childhood Care and Education Centres.

  12. Raisa Rakhmania, Benedicta Prihatin Dwi Riyanti, Margaretha Purwanti

    An Analysis of Early Childhood Education Teachers' Competencies: A Qualitative Study

    This article reviews research on Indonesian Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers' pedagogical, personality, social, and professional competency.  This study examines four factors of ECE teacher competence as perceived by 45 teachers. This qualitative study uses semi-structured interviews to collect data. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The study found that ECE teachers stimulated early childhood development appropriately. The study also revealed several findings, including teachers' limited awareness of early childhood development theories, a lack of understanding of their ethical responsibilities, and various barriers to ECE teacher competence. This qualitative study highlights Indonesian ECE teachers' expertise and pedagogy. These findings can help create more effective and sustainable ECE teacher training programs. This study also encourages reflection on teachers' role in early childhood development and identifies areas that need more attention in Indonesia's early childhood education system.

  13. Kamal Sabri Kamarudin, Zulhasni Abdul Rahim, Norzura Ismail, Hiroshi Nakanishi

    Bottom-Up Kaizen Implementation in Malaysian Automotive Industry: A Conceptual Model

    This study aimed to identify the factors that influence the implementation of bottom-up Kaizen models in the Malaysian top manufacturers (Proton, Perodua, Honda, Toyota). The study was conducted in three phases. To identify the need for a model, two instruments were used. In phase one, a panel of 11 experts used the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) to develop the model based on expert feedback on a 5-point Likert scale survey questionnaire. A Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) approach was used to evaluate the model in phase two. An evaluation was carried out through 300 employees in the automotive manufacturing sector. Findings from phase one resulted in the development of a model consisting of eight constructs with 41 items as a bottom-up Kaizen activity for the Malaysian automotive industry. Furthermore, the findings from phase two showed that the bottom-up Kaizen activity model consists of seven constructs and only significant and positive influencing factors for both direct and mediated paths were considered. In phase three, the results of this study have created a structural relationship model for Bottom-up Kaizen criteria. Hence, this research has the potential to provide great benefits and become a useful reference for the Malaysian automotive industry.

  14. Midya Yousefi, Jun Zhang, Ziwei Jiang

    The Role of Transformational Leadership on Performance among Academic Staff in China

    An essential element that enhances the quality of education, particularly in terms of its impact on teaching performance in higher education, is the leadership using appropriate styles.The study, therefore, seeks to measure the impact of four pillars of transformational leadership: Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation, and Individualized Consideration on the teaching performance of the academic staff. The sample included 290 full-time teachers from Wenzhou, China. Data were obtained through an online survey utilizing a structured questionnaire based on the theories and literature of the relevant review. AMOS was used to test the four validated research hypotheses and give a comprehensive measurement model. The study asserts that the four aspects of transformational leadership positively affect teaching performance, reflected by the four I's of transformational leadership. The current findings are beneficial to universities and assist educational leaders in gaining information on how transformational leadership dimensions may be used to influence the staff's teaching performance positively. In addition, the paper contributes to the existing corpus of research presented on the impact of transformational leadership on the teaching performance of the academic staff. Further, it informs policy and educational administrators in this area.

  15. Pavel Malyzhenkov, Mariagrazia Provenzano, Michela Piccarozzi, Cecilia Silvestri, Luigi Fici

    Industry 4.0 Enabling Technologies Contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals Achieving: A Content Analysis

    The aim of the paper consists in the monitoring of Industry 4.0 enabling technologies (ET) adopting by the most innovative companies ranked by BCG classification, for Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) reaching. The development of Industry 4.0 ET has been considerably studied in the literature and its relationship to sustainability in its three pillars has been much investigated in recent years. The results show the three-years temporary dynamics of Industry 4.0 ET application in sustainability practices based on the communication process in the firms’ Sustainability Reports (SR) with the proven prevalence of IoT technology.

  16. Ying Yuan, Syaza Hazirah Mohd Hashim

    The Washback Effect of Cet4 Reading Comprehension Test on EFL College Students' Language Learning Attitude

    Washback in language testing studies how important exams affect teaching and learning. The College English Test Band 4 (CET-4) is a major foreign language test in China, and this study focuses on how it impacts students' attitudes toward reading comprehension. While previous research has looked at CET-4's impact on teaching and materials, there's a gap in understanding how students feel about the reading comprehension part. This study used a survey to investigate non-English major college students from two departments in one college in China about their experiences in CET-4 Reading Comprehension. The results show both positive and negative effects of CET-4 on students' attitudes. The study suggests ways to enhance the positive impact and reduce the negative, which can influence how students approach learning and feel about CET-4.

  17. Andika Eka Putra, Dian Saputra

    The Effect of Eco Efficiency, Number of Audit Committees and Sustainability Report on Going Concern Audit Opinion

    The evaluation of a business's ability to continue its operations, known as the "going concern," holds paramount importance for management. A crucial indicator of this assessment is the going concern audit opinion, a factor that not only enhances investor confidence but also serves as a guarantee for companies facing potential issues regarding their continuity. This research focuses on exploring the impact of eco efficiency, the quantity of audit committees and boards of commissioners, as well as sustainability reports on the formulation of going concern audit opinions within the mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2022. Utilizing secondary data in the form of audited financial statements, the study employs Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) for data analysis. The findings underscore that eco efficiency, the presence of audit committees and boards of commissioners, and the disclosure of sustainability reports exert a notable influence on the determination of going concern audit opinions for the examined companies. These outcomes contribute valuable insights into the multifaceted factors shaping the credibility and assurance surrounding the ongoing viability of businesses in the mining sector.

  18. Ishaq Hamed Al sulaimani, Lim Hooi Lian

    Exploring the Influence of Cultural Dimensions on Formative Assessment Practices among Science Teachers in Cycle Two Schools of Oman

    There is paucity of empirical research on the direct influence of culture on the execution of formative assessment practices in the classroom. Consequently, this study employs Hofstede’s cultural dimensions to investigate the influence of different dimensions of culture on formative assessment practices. Data were obtained from 91 science teachers in Cycle Two schools located in the Sultanate of Oman. A self-administered structured type of questionnaire was employed, and the primary data were analysed using SPSS.  According to the results, the formative assessment practices of the science teachers were significantly influenced by the five culture dimensions investigated: Power-distance, Collectivism-individualism, Masculinity-Femininity, Uncertainty avoidance, and Oriental view (long-term orientation and short-term orientation). The findings offer empirical validation and vital theoretical insights into how culture can interact and influence delivery of formative assessment practices in the classroom. Practically, valuable insights are offered to policy makers and implementers as they embark on the strengthening of teachers’ competencies in formative assessment.

  19. Midya Yousefi, Qiusu Wang, Jahirul Mullick

    Exploring the Role of Efficacy of Inclusive Instructions, Efficacy Collaboration, Efficacy Managing Behavior on Inclusive Practice among Teachers

    All children, including those with various impairments and learning challenges, are entitled to education in regular schools, in response to the Salamanca Statement. Chinese authorities have demonstrated their commitment to inclusion through legislation, policy, and statements. The Chinese inclusive education paradigm has grown significantly over the last few decades. Nonetheless, research on the impact of Chinese teachers' efficacy in implementing inclusive practices in primary and secondary classrooms is limited. This cross-sectional study addresses this issue by evaluating 211 teachers in Beijing, Tianjin, Chengdu, and Qingdao, China. Quantitative data were collected from each participant using multiple regression analysis to examine the causal and effect between three predictors, efficacy in using inclusive instruction (EII), efficacy in collaboration (EC), and efficacy in managing behavior (EMB), on the inclusive practices as a criterion. The research results show that when teachers' EC is bolstered, an inclusive approach increases on the other side. This means that when teachers are more confident in their collaboration in inclusive education, they are more likely to adopt inclusive practices to support a diverse range of students better. As China's education system is still transforming, this finding has vital roles and implications for developing inclusive education policy and practice in China as educators interact with a more diverse student population.

  20. Dian Saputra, Abrar Nawas, Reza Ananda Rinaldy

    The Influence of Heuristic and Computer-Assisted Audit Techniques (CAAT) on Fraud Detection with Experience as a Mediating

    This study explores the impact of Heuristics and Computer-Assisted Audit Techniques (CAAT) on fraud detection, with Experience as the mediating variable. The findings show that CAAT has no significant effect on fraud detection, while heuristics have a significant effect. Experience also directly contributes positively to fraud detection. An interesting result is that CAAT affects fraud detection through experience as a mediator, while heuristics have no significant effect when mediated by experience. Experience serves as a key bridge that strengthens the relationship between CAAT and fraud detection. The implication is that organisations can improve audit strategies by understanding the complexity of these factors, acknowledging the differential impact between CAAT and heuristics, and leveraging experience as a vital mediator tool to improve fraud detection.

  21. Haiyun zhang, Syaza Hazirah Mohd Hashim

    Willingness to Communicate among EFL Middle School Students in a Selected School in H City, China

    In the Chinese education system, there is a notable emphasis on developing reading and writing skills in English, often employing a teacher-centered instructional approach. This focus may inadvertently sideline opportunities for real-world engagement and verbal communication in English, potentially hindering students' confidence and preparedness for oral language use. Recognizing the significance of cultivating a willingness to communicate as a crucial aspect of effective foreign language teaching, this study delves into factors influencing students' communication willingness, specifically exploring the impact of anxiety, self-efficacy, and speech proficiency. The research encompasses 361 participants from H City, China's middle school. The findings reveal a positive classroom environment and favorable experiences among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. The reported low anxiety levels indicate that effective teaching methods and gradual exposure to English-speaking activities contribute to a constructive and confidence-building learning atmosphere. Interestingly, though anxiety is found to have a practically negligible impact on willingness to communicate, both speech proficiency and self-efficacy exhibit moderate to strong positive associations with students' willingness to engage in English communication. These results highlight the significance of nurturing speech proficiency and self-efficacy in language learning contexts to foster active participation and confidence in English.

  22. Diah Ajeng Pratiwi, Dian Saputra

    The Effect of Asymmetric Information, Board of Commissioners Size, and Independent Board of Commissioners, on Earnings Management with Managerial Ownership as a Moderating Variable

    This research aims to explore and provide empirical evidence regarding the influence of asymmetric information, board of commissioners size, and the presence of independent board members on earnings management in real estate and related companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2020 to 2022. Managerial ownership is introduced as a moderating variable in this investigation. Utilizing Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) for data analysis, the study revealed that asymmetric information, board of commissioners size, and independent board members did not significantly impact earnings management. However, when considering managerial ownership as a moderating factor, the presence of independent board members exhibited an influence on earnings management. This highlights the intricate relationship between corporate governance factors, specifically the board composition, and earnings management, with managerial ownership playing a moderating role. These findings provide valuable insights for stakeholders and policymakers, offering a nuanced understanding of corporate dynamics within the Indonesian real estate and related sectors.

  23. Engku Mohamad Engku Abdullah, Rubayah Yakob, Mohd Hafizuddin Syah Bangaan Abdullah

    A Comprehensive Review of Enterprise Risk Management on Higher Education Institutions Performance

    Recently, there has been a fervent discussion concerning the topic of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and the performance of higher education institutions. Thus, the main aim of this study is to examine the existing literature and find common trends for enhancing ERM in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) performance. The present study utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework as its selected technique. The research utilized a series of search methodologies, notably focusing on the keywords. The search phrases were utilized in the SCOPUS and Web of Science (WoS) databases to examine the literature comprehensively. The investigation encompassed the period from 2019 to 2023, leading to a comprehensive examination of the subject matter literature. The study implemented predetermined criteria to select appropriate studies, leading to a final sample size of (n = 26) articles. The data underwent a theme analysis to categorize and consolidate it. The analysis yielded three distinct themes: (i) risk management practices, (ii) performance impact, and (iii) educational framework development. It brings attention to challenges such as resistance to change and resource constraints. The benefits include improved strategic decision-making, effective allocation of resources, and a strong foundation for managing risks.

  24. Maryam Gull, Shazia Parveen , Qaisar Ali, Sobia Hassan

    The Role of Leadership to Employees’ Behaviors: A Signaling Theory Perspective

    ABSTRACT

    The issues of climate change and environmental degradation are substantial human concerns that have resulted in numerous consequences. The responsibility lies with human behaviors. Every company must adhere to environmental laws and regulations and emphasize employees’ pro-behaviors towards the environment (EPBTE). The primary aim of this academic investigation is to utilize the signaling theory to find the variables that influence EPBTE. The EPBTE is influenced by two main variables: spiritual leadership (SPL) and organizational support towards the environment (OSTE). The proposed model was evaluated in the banking industry using SEM analysis, employing the snowball sampling technique. The data support the influence of OSTE on EPBTE, and SPL also plays a substantial role in moderating this association. The present study contributes to the existing knowledge in the field of EPBTE research by investigating the significance of OSTE and SPL. Furthermore, the role of OSTE and SPL in the signaling theory perspective also adds knowledge to the existing literature.

  25. Sandicha Dwi Ramadhan, Dian Saputra, Abrar Nawas

    The Effect of Female Directors, Board Size, Independent Commissioners, and Political Connections on Tax Avoidance With Integrated Reporting Quality as a Mediating Variable: Case Study of Non-Cyclical Consumer Goods Sector Companies Listed on Idx 2019-2022

    This study examines the relationship between female directors, independent commissioners, board size, and political connection and corporate tax avoidance. In addition, this study examines the role of integrated report quality as a mediating variable in the relationship between these factors on tax avoidance. This research is motivated by the lack of research related to the role of integrated reporting, especially in Indonesia. This study uses the PLS-SEM analysis method to analyze data from non-cyclical consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019-2022. This study found that female directors and board size affect tax avoidance, while other variables do not significantly affect tax avoidance. However, when the integrated reporting quality used as mediating variable shows that integrated reporting is able to mediate the influence of board size, independent commissioners and political connection on tax avoidance. With these results, it can describe the role of integrated reports as an effective tool to minimize tax avoidance by increasing the transparency of the company. This study used integrated reporting quality as a mediating variable on tax avoidance. Additionally, the measurement of integrated report quality in this study used modifications from previous studies.

  26. Caroline Cathy Nubun, Zaiton Binti Hassan, Hana Binti Hamidi

    Teachers’ Insight on Digital Competencies and Maturity among School Administrators in Sarawak, Malaysian Schools

    Digital in education is always evolving at a quick pace and Malaysia experienced a slower rate of adaption among the some Southeast countries. the administrators at the schools possess inadequate digital competence. This article aims to investigate the competence of school administrators from the perspective of teachers, as well as to classify Malaysian schools' level of digital maturity. Moreover, digital maturity is a prerequisite for the success of digital transformation, yet research on digital maturity in Malaysian education is lacking. Six Malaysian teachers participated in a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) by utilising a qualitative method. This study identified school administrators' competence for digital leadership are vision and mission, digital culture, digital professional development, digitally go-forward, digital safety and digital resilience. The subthemes are problem-solving, communication, teamwork, creativity, critical thinking, ethical and cultural awareness, adaptability, self-direction, technical skills, lifelong learning, and information management. Malaysian schools' digital maturity, as measured by the Educational Process-Capability Digital Maturity (EPCMM), is at level 3, which is designated as "Management." In order to empower and improve school administrators' competences to fully integrate digital technology into daily administrative tasks while leading the digital cultural changes in their schools, it is helpful to know the level of digital maturity in Malaysian schools.

  27. Firdaus Abdul Rahman, Sandicha Dwi Ramadhan, Dian Saputra

    The Effect of Female Directors, Board Size, Independent Commissioners and Quality of Earnings Ratio on the Integrated Reporting Quality with Political Connection as a Moderating Variable

    The aims of this research are to examine the relationship between female directors, board size, independent commissioners, quality of earnings ratio on the quality of integrated reporting. In addition, this research also investigates how political connections moderate the effects of these variables on integrated reporting quality. The data was collected from annual reports of non-cyclical consumer goods companies listed on the IDX between 2019 and 2022. The analysis indicates that only the size of the board of commissioners had a significant effect on the quality of integrated reporting, while other variables show an insignificant effects on the quality of integrated reporting. However, the test results show that politically connected companies exhibit a stronger influence of female directors and board size on integrated reporting quality. With the results of this study, it is expected to contribute to a broader understanding of integrated reporting, so that it can help the development of integrated reporting.