DEVELOPING AN APPLIED BUDDHISM MODEL FOR RELIGIOUS MODERATION IN MULTICULTURAL DIGITAL SOCIETIES

Abstract

Digital transformation has intensified opportunities for religious engagement alongside online religious polarization. While prior studies explain moderation through state policies, educational initiatives, and interfaith dialogue, limited attention has been given to how minority communities cultivate moderation from within their own traditions. This study develops an empirically grounded conceptual model of Applied Buddhism as a mechanism for fostering religious moderation in multicultural digital societies. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, research was conducted among Buddhist communities in Negerikaton District, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung, Indonesia a recognized Religious Harmony Village. Analysis integrates structural-functional, multicultural, and reception perspectives. Data were collected via in-depth interviews with ten informants, eighteen observation sessions, and document analysis, analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method. Findings reveal four interconnected dimensions: spiritual (sati, Brahmavihara, Majjhima Patipada), social (metta, karuna, upekkha), digital (samma vaca and ethical communication), and multicultural (dana, interfaith collaboration, cultural openness). These translate Buddhist values into inclusive social relations, responsible digital engagement, and harmonious intercultural interactions. Structurally, they sustain adaptation, integration, goal attainment, and value maintenance. The Applied Buddhism Model demonstrates that moderation is an endogenous moral and spiritual transformation expressed through everyday social and digital practices, offering a validated framework for minority communities navigating digital transformation in multicultural societies.