Prevalence of Post-traumatic stress symptoms in recovered patients of COVID-19 in Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31580/jrp.v2i3.1681Keywords:
Post Traumatic Stress (PTSD), COVID-19, Stress, Descriptive ResearchAbstract
This investigation aims to scrutinize prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress (PTSD) symptoms in recovered patients of COVID-19. The study implemented a quantitative approach through circulation of an online google survey with nonprobability purposive convenient sampling strategy. The chosen assessment measure of PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) was administered on 200 participants on 07th day of recovery during period of observation. In addition, Regression statistical analysis was performed for data analysis and results indicated a moderate prevalence of PSTD symptoms in females as compared to Male. Overall proneness towards PTSD is calculated as 45.6% among the respondents (R-square = 0.456). Thorough consideration of ethical parameters is enforced by several procedures comprising informed consent, right to withdraw, disposal of data, and confidentiality. The current study would act as a basis for future researches to reduce the prevalence of psychological issues that patients face during this period of pandemic and would help in catering suitable interventions for the patients.
References
Altena, Ellemarije, Chiara Baglioni, Colin A. Espie, Jason Ellis, Dimitri Gavriloff, Brigitte Holzinger, Angelika Schlarb, Lukas Frase, Susanna Jernelöv, and Dieter Riemann. "Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID‐19 outbreak: practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT‐I Academy." Journal of Sleep Research (2020).
Beauquier-Maccotta, Berengere, et al. "Impact of monochorionicity and twin to twin transfusion syndrome on prenatal attachment, post traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depressive symptoms." PloS one 11.1 (2016).
Brooks, Samantha K., et al. "The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence." The Lancet (2020).
Chang, Bernard P., et al. "Perceived clinician–patient communication in the emergency department and subsequent post-traumatic stress symptoms in patients evaluated for acute coronary syndrome." Emerg Med J 33.9 (2016): 626-631.
Gomez, Jonatan, Jeisson Prieto, Elizabeth Leon, and Arles Rodriguez. "INFEKTA: A General Agent-based Model for Transmission of Infectious Diseases: Studying the COVID-19 Propagation in Bogotá-Colombia." medRxiv (2020).
Harch, Paul G. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Mild-Moderate Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Louisiana State University System New Orleans United States, 2017.
Harch, Paul G., et al. "Case control study: hyperbaric oxygen treatment of mild traumatic brain injury persistent post-concussion syndrome and post-traumatic stress disorder." Medical gas research 7.3 (2017): 156.
Hefez, L., et al. "Post‐traumatic stress disorder in Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: prevalence and risk factors. A prospective study of 31 patients." British Journal of Dermatology 180.5 (2019): 1206-1213.
Holmes, Emily A., et al. "Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science." The Lancet Psychiatry (2020): 1-10.
Inamullah, Syed, et al. "COVID-19, A GLOBAL ALARM: INTRA-COUNTRY TRAVELLING, THE ROOT CAUSE OF COVID-19 SPREADING IN PAKISTAN AFTER INTERNATIONAL IMPORTATION." European Journal of Biology 5.1 (2020): 9-15.
Khan, Samea, et al. "Is Pakistan prepared for the COVID‐19 epidemic? A questionnaire‐based survey." Journal of Medical Virology (2020): 1-9.
Lamoureux-Lamarche, Catherine, et al. "Healthcare use and costs associated with post-traumatic stress syndrome in a community sample of older adults: results from the ESA-Services study." International psychogeriatrics 28.6 (2016): 903-911.
Lee, So Hee, et al. "Depression as a mediator of chronic fatigue and post-traumatic stress symptoms in middle east respiratory syndrome survivors." Psychiatry investigation 16.1 (2019): 59.
Liu, Nianqi, et al. "Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 Outbreak in China Hardest-hit Areas: Gender differences matter." Psychiatry research (2020): 112921.
Mak, Ivan Wing Chit, et al. "Risk factors for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in SARS survivors." General hospital psychiatry 32.6 (2010): 590-598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.07.007
Ng, Qin Xiang, et al. "Systematic review with meta‐analysis: The association between post‐traumatic stress disorder and irritable bowel syndrome." Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 34.1 (2019): 68-73.
Sahar, Junaiti, Harif Fadhillah, and Anggi Pratiwi. "Post-Traumatic Stress Syndrome (PTSS) in Nurses Post-Earthquake Disaster in Indonesia." International Journal of Indonesian National Nurses Association (IJINNA) 1.1 (2018): 13-22.
Walter, Lauren A., and Alyson J. McGregor. "Sex-and Gender-specific Observations and Implications for COVID-19." Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health (2020).
Waris, Abdul, et al. "COVID-19 outbreak: Current Scenario of Pakistan." New Microbes and New Infections (2020): 100681.
Weathers, Frank W., et al. "The ptsd checklist for dsm-5 (pcl-5)." Scale available from the National Center for PTSD at www. ptsd. va. gov 10 (2013).
Wolf, Erika J., et al. "Longitudinal associations between post-traumatic stress disorder and metabolic syndrome severity." Psychological medicine 46.10 (2016): 2215-2226.
Wolrdometer. 2020. "Pakistan Coronavirus: 7,481 Cases And 143 Deaths - Worldometer". Worldometers.Info. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/pakistan/.
Yoon, Seo Joon, et al. "Large-scale monitoring and ecological risk assessment of persistent toxic substances in riverine, estuarine, and coastal sediments of the Yellow and Bohai seas." Environment International 137 (2020): 105517.
