Abstract
This review evaluates poor pharmacokinetics and drug resistance represent two major problems with standard chemotherapies for cancer, a key health concern worldwide. The aim of precision oncology is tumor biology-based treatment; however, it often fails owing to problems with drug delivery and side effects. Ligand-targeted nanomedicine is one such approach that has the potential to enhance the efficacy and safety of anticancer therapies. Focus is given to the targeting mechanisms and FDA-approved choices of ligand-functionalized nanocarriers, inclusive of liposomes and dendrimers. Tumor heterogeneity and manufacturing problems are also discussed, together with future developments of advanced design and personalized nanomedicine. Finally, ligand-targeted nanomedicine is presented as one of the revolutionary approaches in precision oncology, aimed at the development of patient-specific treatments with safety and increased efficiency.
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