Assessment of Nutritional Risk Factors Associated with Cardiometabolic Diseases in Obese Adolescents
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31580/pjmls.v9i2.3435Keywords:
Adolescents, Cardiometabolic diseases, Hyperlipidemia, Lipid profile, Obesity, TriglyceridesAbstract
Objective: To evaluate the nutritional risk factors and lipid profile abnormalities associated with cardiometabolic diseases in obese adolescents aged 11-19 years in Quetta, Pakistan.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in secondary and higher secondary schools of Quetta. A total of 280 adolescents (122 normal weight, 158 obese) were enrolled. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, BMI, waist, hip, and neck circumference were recorded. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Nutritional assessment was performed using the 24-hour dietary recall method. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16, employing ANOVA and Student's t-test.
Results: Obese males (n=82) had mean BMI of 27.89±0.52, while obese females (n=75) had a mean BMI of 26.05±0.50. Baseline anthropometric measures were significantly higher in girls (P<0.05). However, no significant gender difference was observed in baseline lipid profile (P>0.05). Obese adolescents in the 17-19 years age group exhibited comparatively higher BMI. Nutritional assessment revealed that adolescents consuming junk and fast food had elevated blood pressure and increased adiposity. Obese individuals demonstrated significantly higher LDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels compared to normal-weight counterparts.
Conclusion: Adolescents consuming junk and fast food have a higher probability of developing cardiovascular disease. Nutritional modification and adoption of healthy eating habits in daily routines can improve quality of life. There is an urgent need for nutritional awareness programs among adolescents in schools and colleges.
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