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Abstract
Cholelithiasis, commonly known as gallstone disease, is a major global health concern and one of the most prevalent digestive disorders. The formation of gallstones in the gallbladder is strongly associated with demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors. This study aimed to identify and analyze the significant risk factors of cholelithiasis among patients attending hospitals in Quetta. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 diagnosed patients using a structured questionnaire to collect data on demographics, lifestyle habits, and dietary patterns. The sample comprised 12 males and 78 females. Results showed that females (86.7%) and individuals aged 30–55 years (72.2%) were most affected. Most patients were from the Quetta district (58.8%) and belonged to the Pathan ethnic group (63.3%). A large proportion was illiterate (44.4%) and housewives or retired individuals (63.3%). Lifestyle factors such as weight gain (66.6%), high-fat diet (77.7%), and low physical activity were common among patients, indicating a strong link with gallstone formation. The study concluded that age, gender, ethnicity, dietary habits, and physical inactivity are key risk factors for cholelithiasis. Promoting a healthy lifestyle and dietary modifications may help reduce the burden of this disease.
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