Impact of Application Methods of Nitrogen, Seed Priming and Irrigation under Saline Conditions on Wheat
Research Article
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31580/v90nkb77Keywords:
Cereals, Fertilizer methods, Irrigation, Seed treatment, Soil typesAbstract
In Pakistan, traditional practices such as flood irrigation and broadcast application of nitrogen fertilizers have been identified as major factors contributing to inefficient resource utilization, increased weed infestation, and reduced wheat productivity. To address these challenges, a field study was conducted in the districts of Charsadda, Swabi, and Kohat in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, using the wheat variety Pir-Sabak 2015. The experiment aimed to assess the effects of improved agronomic practices, including controlled irrigation based on Management Allowed Depletion (MAD) levels of 60%, 70%, and 80%; nitrogen application methods (broadcast vs. placement) at three fertilizer rates (60, 90, and 120 kg urea/ha); and seed priming techniques (control, hydropriming, and osmopriming using 100 g of Polyethylene Glycol per litre). The results showed a strong positive correlation between wheat yield parameters and controlled irrigation, targeted nitrogen application, and seed priming. Specifically, the highest values for emergence, grains per spike, grain weight, spikes per square meter, grain yield, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, and crop growth rate were achieved with 70% MAD irrigation and the placement application of 90 kg urea per hectare., and both hydro- and osmopriming. Conversely, yield parameters declined with 60% and 80% MAD irrigation, broadcast urea application, and the absence of seed priming. These findings underscore the importance of optimized irrigation, fertilization, and seed priming techniques for improving wheat production efficiency in Pakistan.
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