Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Investigation on Thymus Vulgaris Extract
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31580/pjmls.v7i4.2121Keywords:
Antioxidant activity, Brine shrimp lethality, Cytotoxicity potential, Methanolic extract, Phytochemical composition, Thymus vulgaris L.Abstract
Abstract
Thymus vulgaris L., which has been used in traditional medicine for curing many diseases, has a rich history of curing different diseases. Thymus vulgaris was used for whooping cough, bronchitis and asthma. The current study was focused on the chemical content and biological activity of the methanolic extract obtained from Thymus vulgaris L. It has no glycosides, while it contains alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins, highlighting the diverse nature of its chemical constituents. The study investigates the antioxidant capability of Thymus vulgaris L. using the inhibitory activity and comparison with Ascorbic Acid at different concentrations. As for the methanolic extract of thyme common (Thymus vulgaris L.), it exhibited significant (p<0.05) antioxidant activity, with percentage inhibitions ranging from 26.30% to 86.18%, which clearly shows its role as a natural antioxidant. In addition to its higher inhibition effects, Thymus vulgaris L continues to have the anticipated antioxidant properties which is evident in all the tested concentrations. The IC50 may be determined to be 158.2±1.13μg/ml for the Thymus vulgaris extract. Also, the acute toxicity bioassay based on the brine shrimp lethality demonstrates the dose-dependent action of the Thymus vulgaris extract on Artemia salina, the suspension-feeding brine shrimp. The assay carried out would result in the occurrence of a concentration-dependent response of Thymus vulgaris methanolic crude extract on brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and exhibit significant toxicity at relatively higher concentrations, having an LC50 of around 268 μg/ml. This sheds light on the extract's cytotoxic potential and relative toxicity compared to the standard drug Etoposide. Thymus vulgaris L. is also tested for its antibacterial activity along with the standard drug Ofloxacin against different strains of bacteria at various concentrations 25,50, and 75µg/ml. Thymus vulgaris extract showed significant (p<0.05) antibacterial activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. typhi, and B. subtilis growth, with stronger effects at higher doses.
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