Incidence and Clinical Aspects of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Patients of Quetta District, Balochistan, Pakistan

Abstract

The health of expectant mothers and newborns is significantly impacted by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The increase in non-communicable diseases, associated risk factors, and revised GDM diagnosis criteria from the World Health Organization (WHO) are expected to affect GDM incidence and clinical features. A cross-sectional investigation or study was carried out at the Bolan Medical Complex and Hospital (BMCH) and Civil Provincial Hospitals in the Quetta District, Balochistan Province, Pakistan. Following the recommendations of a collaborative clinical research committee of Bolan Medical Complex and the University of Balochistan Quetta, the study was carried out from July to August 2022. A total of 131 cases were gestational diabetes mellitus were reported. In both rural and urban regions, we examine the prevalence, clinical features, and risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus of Quetta district, Balochistan which was higher in urban 87 (66.41) as compared to the rural which was 44 (33.58). It also shows the monthly family income which was less than>20000 was 22 (19.0) and more than and equal to ≤20 000 was 94 (81.0). In Pakistan (Quetta), the prevalence of gestational diabetes is rising alarmingly, Women with lower socioeconomic positions who live in rural areas are more prone to have the illness. The incidence of GDM is rising globally, most likely as a result of rising rates of obesity and other risk factors. GDM is more prevalent in some demographics, especially elderly, overweight, or obese women and those with a family history of diabetes. During routine screening, GDM is frequently discovered between weeks 24 and 28 of pregnancy. Early identification is key to ensuring the health of the mother and child in situations with GDM, careful management, and regular monitoring are essential. However, some women may be at increased risk.