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Citrullus colocynthis, traditionally recognized for its medicinal properties, has been the subject of recent studies investigating its phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity. The study employed the Soxhlet extraction method with methanol, ethanol, and ether to extract compounds from different parts of the plant, including the stem, leaves, roots, and flowers. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various compounds such as carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, amino acids, phenols, and flavonoids in the methanolic, ethanolic, and chloroform extracts. The crude methanolic extract of Citrullus colocynthis showed strong DPPH radical scavenging activity, with a maximum of 96% at 0.8 mg/mL concentration, indicating significant antioxidant potential, the ethanolic extract of the flower demonstrated higher antibacterial activity compared to extracts from the leaves and stem. The methanol extract of Citrullus colocynthis flowers exhibited the highest against S. aureus (31 mm) and E. coli (19 mm), while showing moderate inhibition against P. aeruginosa (14 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (20 mm). In contrast, the stem extracts showed minimal or no inhibition across all organisms, including Klebsiella pneumoniae. The ethanolic extract exhibited significant effects, emphasizing the potential of C. colocynthis as a source of natural antimicrobial agents. This research was motivated by the growing need to find alternative antimicrobial agents due to increasing antibiotic resistance. The study aimed to address this gap by exploring Citrullus colocynthis for its potential as a source of natural antimicrobial compounds. However, detail research is required to purify and characterize its bioactive compounds. This will help better understand its therapeutic properties and uses. The outcomes of this research contribute to future study by prominence Citrullus colocynthis as a valuable source for determining natural antimicrobial agents and exploring bioactive compounds with medicinal properties.
References
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