In Vitro Study to Evaluate the Anticancer Potential of Chrysanthemum indicum, Therapeutic Plant

Abstract

Natural bioactive compounds that trigger apoptosis in medicinal plants might be a promising new source of anti-cancer medications. The present study aimed to assess the anti-cancer potential of the powerful therapeutic plant Chrysanthemum indicum. The whole plant extract was extracted in n-hexane and ethanol solvents to test anticancer and antioxidative capabilities on the cancer HepG2 cell line. The cells in the untreated group had not been exposed to any of the plant extracts. Ethanol and n-hexane extracts were administered to the treated cell lines. Cell viability was estimated by employing standard methodologies for the anticancer potential. Cell death and viability were measured by MTT, trypan blue, and crystal violet tests. The rate of apoptosis was measured in all groups using an Annexin-V ELISA. Furthermore, antioxidant enzyme activity studies were carried out to investigate the scavenging activities of nitric oxide, DPHH radicals, H₂O_2, and superoxide, scavenging power of the extracts. When cancer cells from the HepG2 cell lines were treated with plant extracts, they showed lower viability, decreased proliferation, and increased apoptosis compared to untreated control cells, according to the findings. Plant extract-treated cancer cells have stronger anti-oxidative scavenging activity than untreated cancer cells. In comparison to the n-hexane extract, the ethanol extract exhibited stronger anti-cancer and antioxidative capability against cancer cells. It was concluded that Chrysanthemum indicum ethanol and n-hexane extracts induce anticancer activity in cancer cell lines by increasing apoptosis, antioxidant status, and decrease proliferation.