Work to Family Facilitation as a Predictor of Job Satisfaction, Affective Commitment and Job Performance in Academia
Main Article Content
Abstract
Work to Family Facilitation considers that time and other resources spent on the job by an individual can have a positive impact on family life. The current study tests to what extent this perception affects the employee’s level of job satisfaction, affective commitment, and self-rated job performance. A systematic random sample of 293 faculty members from 30 public and private universities of Pakistan filled an online survey. Results from path analysis performed in AMOS indicate that Work to Family Facilitation is significant and positive predictors of all three outcomes variables. Moreover, both job satisfaction and affective commitment mediate path leading from work to family facilitation and self-rated job performance such that job satisfaction precedes affective commitment in the causal chain. Hence by devising family-friendly HR policies, effective job designs and fostering environment that is family supportive will result in enhanced employee performance. Similarly hiring employees with resourceful psychological traits or interventions to enhance resourceful psychological states can result in greater perception of work to family facilitation. Discussion and implications are followed by future research directions.
Downloads
Article Details
Section

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licenced under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
References
Arbuckle, J. (2009). Amos 18 user's guide: SPSS Incorporated.
Aryee, S., Srinivas, E. S., & Tan, H. H. (2005). Rhythms of Life: Antecedents and Outcomes of Work-Family Balance in Employed Parents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(1), 132-146. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.132
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173
Brayfield, A. H., & Rothe, H. F. (1951). An index of job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 35(5), 307.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental psychology, 22(6), 723.
Butler, A., Grzywacz, J. G., Bass, B., & Linney, K. (2005). Extending the demands control model: A daily diary study of job characteristics, work family conflict and work family facilitation. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78(2), 155-169. doi:https://doi.org/10.1348/096317905x40097
Callaghan, C. W., & Coldwell, D. (2014). Job Satisfaction and Job Performance: The Case of Research Productivity. Journal of Economics, 5(1), 97-113. doi:10.1080/09765239.2014.11884988
Cameron, K. S., Dutton, J. E., & Quinn, R. E. (2003). Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a new discipline: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Cano, J., & Castillo, J. (2004). Factors explaining job satisfaction among faculty. Journal of Agricultural Education, 45(3), 65-74.
Chirumbolo, A., & Areni, A. (2005). The influence of job insecurity on job performance and absenteeism: The moderating effect of work attitudes. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 31(4).
Chirumbolo, A., & Areni, A. (2010). Job insecurity influence on job performance and mental health: Testing the moderating effect of the need for closure. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 31(2), 195-214.
Currivan, D. B. (2000). The causal order of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in models of employee turnover. Human Resource Management Review, 9(4), 495-524.
Frone, M. R. (2003). Work-family balance. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. N. (2003). When work and family collide: Deciding between competing role demands. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 90(2), 291-303.
Grzywacz, J. G., & Marks, N. F. (2000). Reconceptualizing the work–family interface: An ecological perspective on the correlates of positive and negative spillover between work and family. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 111.
Hill, E. J. (2005). Work-family facilitation and conflict, working fathers and mothers, work-family stressors and support. Journal of Family Issues, 26(6), 793. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513x05277542
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American psychologist, 44(3), 513-524. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.44.3.513
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Ilies, R., Wilson, K. S., & Wagner, D. T. (2009). The spillover of daily job satisfaction onto employees' family lives: The facilitating role of work-family integration. Academy of Management Journal, 52(1), 87-102.
Judge, T. A., Heller, D., & Klinger, R. (2008). The dispositional sources of job satisfaction: A comparative test. Applied Psychology, 57(3), 361-372.
Judge, T. A., Locke, E. A., Durham, C. C., & Kluger, A. N. (1998). Dispositional effects on job and life satisfaction: The role of core evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(1), 17.
Karatepe, O. M., & Bekteshi, L. (2008). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family facilitation and family-work facilitation among frontline hotel employees. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 27(4), 517-528. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2007.09.004
Karatepe, O. M., & Magaji, A. B. (2008). Work-Family Conflict and Facilitation in the Hotel Industry. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 49(4), 395-412. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965508326282
Khan, A., Yusoffa, R. B. M., & Azam, K. (2014). Factors of Job Stress among university teachers in Pakistan A conceptual review. Journal of Management Info, 2(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.31580/jmi.v2i1.6
Malik, E., & Naeem, B. (2011). Impact of perceived organizational justice on organizational commitment of faculty: Empirical evidence from Pakistan. Interdiscip J Res Bus, 1, 92-98.
Malik, M. E., Nawab, S., Naeem, B., & Danish, R. Q. (2010). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment of university teachers in public sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(6), P17.
Morganson, V. J., Litano, M. L., & O’Neill, S. K. (2014). Promoting Work–Family Balance Through Positive Psychology: A Practical Review of the Literature. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 17(4), 221-244. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/mgr0000023
Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment* 1. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14(2), 224-247.
Naeem, A., Mirza, N. H., Ayyub, R. M., & Lodhi, R. N. (2019). HRM practices and faculty’s knowledge sharing behavior: mediation of affective commitment and affect-based trust. Studies in Higher Education, 44(3), 499-512. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1378635
Rehman, R. R., & Waheed, A. (2012). Work-family conflict and organizational commitment: Study of faculty members in Pakistani universities. Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 9(2), 23-26.
Sana, F., & Aslam, N. (2018). Effect of Role Ambiguity and Role Conflict in Predicting Work-Family Conflict Among Teachers. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 33(2), 349-365.
Sarwar, F., Panatik, S. A., & ur-Rehman, Z. (2019). How Work-Family Conflict, Enrichment and their Interaction Influence Work-Family Balance Satisfaction among University Faculty? International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(2s), 48-56.
Sarwar, F., Waqas, M., & Imran, A. (2014). Work Family Facilitation as Predictor of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: A Study of University Faculty in Pakistan. World Applied Sciences Journal, 32(1), 146-152.
Srivastava, S., Srivastava, U. R., & Srivastava, A. (2009). Qualitative exploration into the phenomenon of work-family facilitation in Indian context. Indian Journal Social Science Researches, 6(1), 92-102.
Steenbergen, V. E. F. (2007). Work-family facilitation: a positive psychological perspective on role combination. Department Psychology/Social and Organizational Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Leiden University,
Steenbergen, V. E. F., & Ellemers, N. (2009). How Family-Supportive Work Environments and Work-Supportive Home Environments Can Reduce Work-Family Conflict and Enhance Facilitation. In R. Crane & J. Hill (Eds.), Handbook of families and work: interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 79): United press of America.
Steenbergen, V. E. F., Ellemers, N., Haslam, S. A., & Urlings, F. (2008). There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so: Informational support and cognitive appraisal of the work?family interface. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 81(3), 349-367.
Steenbergen, V. E. F., Ellemers, N., & Mooijaart, A. (2007). How work and family can facilitate each other: Distinct types of work-family facilitation and outcomes for women and men. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(3), 279.
Volman, F. E., Bakker, A. B., & Xanthopoulou, D. (2013). Recovery at home and performance at work: A diary study on self–family facilitation. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 22(2), 218-234.
Voydanoff, P. (2014). Work, family, and community: Exploring interconnections: Psychology Press.
Wayne, J. H., Grzywacz, J. G., Carlson, D. S., & Kacmar, K. (2007). Work-family facilitation: A theoretical explanation and model of primary antecedents and consequences. Human Resource Management Review, 17(1), 63-76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2007.01.002
Wayne, J. H., Musisca, N., & Fleeson, W. (2004). Considering the role of personality in the work-family experience: Relationships of the big five to work-family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64(1), 108-130. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-8791(03)00035-6
Yousef, D. A. (2000). Organizational commitment: a mediator of the relationships of leadership behavior with job satisfaction and performance in a non-western country. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15(1), 6-24.
Yousef, D. A. (2002). Job satisfaction as a mediator of the relationship between role stressors and organizational commitment: A study from an Arabic cultural perspective. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17(4), 250-266.