Impact of Energy Consumption on CO2 emissions: Case of Pakistan
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Published:
2017-03-31
Keywords:
CO2 Emission, Energy Consumption, Final Consumption Expenditure, ARDL
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Abstract
This study investigates the long-term relationship between the carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, along with final consumption expenditure with regards to Pakistan by employing time series data from 1972 to 2013. For empirical analysis the Auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) methodology is employed. A relationship between the energy consumption and the CO2 emission has been founded. The results of granger causality test point out the one way causality runs through energy consumption to carbon dioxide emission. The findings of the study also show that the CO2 emission is mainly determined by the energy consumption and the final consumption expenditure.
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How to Cite
Impact of Energy Consumption on CO2 emissions: Case of Pakistan. (2017). Journal of Management Info, 4(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.31580/jmi.v13i1.66
References
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Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of applied econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., 1999. An autoregressive distributed lag modeling approach to cointegration analysis. In: Strom, S. (Ed.), Econometrics and Economic Theory in 20th Century: The Ragnar Frisch Centennial Symposium. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Chapter 11.
Qureshi, M. I., Awan, U., Arshad, Z., Rasli, A. M., Zaman, K., & Khan, F. (2016). Dynamic linkages among energy consumption, air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and agricultural production in Pakistan: sustainable agriculture key to policy success. Natural Hazards, 84(1), 367-381
R. Kadian, R. P. Dahiya, and H. P. Garg, Energy-related emissions and mitigation opportunities from the household sector in Delhi. Energy Policy.No.12 (2007) 6195-6211.
Rostow, W. W. (1956). The take-off into self-sustained growth. The Economic Journal, 25-48.
Sabouni, R., Kazemian, H., & Rohani, S. (2014). Carbon dioxide capturing technologies: a review focusing on metal organic framework materials (MOFs).Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(8), 5427-5449.
Satish, U. (2014). Is CO2 an Indoor Pollutant? Direct Effects of Low to Moderate CO2 Concentrations on Human Decision? Making Performance.Environmental health perspectives.
Azam, M., Khan, F., Zaman, K., & Rasli, A. M. (2015). Military Expenditures and Unemployment Nexus for Selected South Asian Countries. Social indicators research, 1-15.
Shahbaz, M., Lean, H. H., & Shabbir, M. S. (2010). Environmental Kuznets curve and the role of energy consumption in Pakistan. Development Research Papers, 10(05).
Sheikh, M. M., Iqbal, M.M., Ali G., Khan, A. M.: Global Warming In The Context Of Pakistan: Major Concerns And Remedial Strategies. Symposium on “Changing Environmental
Smelser, N. (1964). Toward a theory of modernization. Social change, 268-84.
Soon, W., Baliunas, S. L., Robinson, A. B., & Robinson, Z. W. (1999). Environmental effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. Energy & Environment, 10(5), 439-468.
Wang, X., & Mauzerall, D. L. (2006). Evaluating impacts of air pollution in China on public health: implications for future air pollution and energy policies. Atmospheric Environment, 40(9), 1706-1721.
Y. Sinyak, Global Climate and Energy-Systems. Sci. Total Environ. No.1 (1994) 31-51.
Yuan, J., Xu, Y., Hu, Z., Zhao, C., Xiong, M., & Guo, J. (2014). Peak energy consumption and CO< sub> 2 emissions in China. Energy Policy, 68, 508-523.
Alam, S., Fatima, A., & Butt, M. S. (2007). Sustainable development in Pakistan in the context of energy consumption demand and environmental degradation. Journal of Asian Economics, 18(5), 825-837.
Ang, J., 2007. CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and output in France .Energy Policy 35, 4772–4778.
Ang, J., 2008. Economic development, pollutant emissions and energy consumption in Malaysia. Journal of Policy Modeling 30,271–278.
Ang, J., 2009. CO2 emissions, research and technology transfer in China. Ecological Economics 68(10), 2658–2665.
B. Nag and M. Kulshreshtha, Carbon emission intensity of power consumption in India: A detailed study of its indicators. Energy Sources No.2 (2000) 157-166.
B. Zhang and G. Chen, Methane emissions by Chinese economy: Inventory and embodiment analysis. Energy Policy No.8 (2010) 4304-4316.
Cherniwchan, J. (2012). Economic growth, industrialization, and the environment. Resource and Energy Economics, 34(4), 442-467.
Choi, Y., Zhang, N., Chen, S. C., & Luo, C. C. (2013). Quantitative ecological risk analysis by evaluating China's eco-efficiency and its determinants. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 19(5), 1324-1337.
Elgazwy, A. S. S. H., & Bhanger, M. I. (2007). Overview of the Environmental Impacts of the Uses of Coal, Thermal, Hydroelectricity, Oil, Gas, Fuel & Wood etc. in Pakistan. Global Journal of Environmental Research, 1(1), 01-06.
G. R. Carmichael, et al., Changing trends in sulfur emissions in Asia: Implications for acid deposition, air pollution, and climate. Environmental Science & Technology No.22 (2002) 4707-4713.
Green, B. E. (2004). Explaining cross-national variation in energy consumption: The effects of development, ecology, politics, technology, and region.International journal of sociology, 34(1), 9-32.
Harper, C. L., & Fletcher, T. H. (1996). Environment and society: Human perspectives on environmental issues. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
He, B., & Chen, C. (2002). Energy ecological efficiency of coal fired plant in China. Energy Conversion and Management, 43(18), 2553-2567.
Hertwich, E. G. (2011). The life cycle environmental impacts of consumption. Economic Systems Research, 23(1), 27-47.
Hossain, S. (2011). Panel estimation for CO< sub> 2 emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, trade openness and urbanization of newly industrialized countries. Energy Policy, 39(11), 6991-6999.
Jahangir Alam, M., Ara Begum, I., Buysse, J., & Van Huylenbroeck, G. (2012). Energy consumption, carbon emissions and economic growth nexus in Bangladesh: Cointegration and dynamic causality analysis. Energy Policy, 45, 217-225.
K. H. Choi and B. W. Ang, A time-series analysis of energy-related carbon emissions in Korea. Energy Policy No.13 (2001) 1155-1161.
Kahrl, F., & Roland-Holst, D. (2009). Growth and structural change in China's energy economy. Energy, 34(7), 894-903.
Kaygusuz, K. (2010). Sustainable energy, environmental and agricultural policies in Turkey. Energy Conversion and Management, 51(5), 1075-1084.
Liu, X., 2005. Explaining the relationship between CO2 emissions and national income: the role of energy consumption. Economics Letters 87,325–328.
M. Suzuki, T. Oka, and K. Okada, The Estimation of Energy-Consumption and CO2 Emission Due to Housing Construction in Japan. Energy and Buildings.No.2 (1995) 165-169.
M. Tiris and E. Alper, Past and Projected Carbon-Dioxide Emissions Due to Energy-Utilization in Turkey. Energy No.4 (1994) 499-500
Ma, H., Oxley, L., & Gibson, J. (2009). China's energy situation in the new millennium. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 13(8), 1781-1799.
McKIBBIN, W. J. (2006). Environmental Consequences of Rising Energy Use in China*. Asian Economic Policy Review, 1(1), 157-174.
Menyah, K., & Wolde-Rufael, Y. (2010). Energy consumption, pollutant emissions and economic growth in South Africa. Energy Economics, 32(6), 1374-1382.
Ouattara, B. (2004). Foreign aid and fiscal policy in Senegal. Manchester: Mimeo University of Manchester.
Pattern and Its Impact with Special Focus on Pakistanâ€, Pakistan Engineering Congress, Lahore, Vol. 33: 53-78, July 2011 (ISBN 13: 9789696030034).
Pesaran, M. H., & Pesaran, B. (1997). Working with Microfit 4.0: interactive econometric analysis;[Windows version]. Oxford University Press.
Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of applied econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., 1999. An autoregressive distributed lag modeling approach to cointegration analysis. In: Strom, S. (Ed.), Econometrics and Economic Theory in 20th Century: The Ragnar Frisch Centennial Symposium. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Chapter 11.
Qureshi, M. I., Awan, U., Arshad, Z., Rasli, A. M., Zaman, K., & Khan, F. (2016). Dynamic linkages among energy consumption, air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and agricultural production in Pakistan: sustainable agriculture key to policy success. Natural Hazards, 84(1), 367-381
R. Kadian, R. P. Dahiya, and H. P. Garg, Energy-related emissions and mitigation opportunities from the household sector in Delhi. Energy Policy.No.12 (2007) 6195-6211.
Rostow, W. W. (1956). The take-off into self-sustained growth. The Economic Journal, 25-48.
Sabouni, R., Kazemian, H., & Rohani, S. (2014). Carbon dioxide capturing technologies: a review focusing on metal organic framework materials (MOFs).Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(8), 5427-5449.
Satish, U. (2014). Is CO2 an Indoor Pollutant? Direct Effects of Low to Moderate CO2 Concentrations on Human Decision? Making Performance.Environmental health perspectives.
Azam, M., Khan, F., Zaman, K., & Rasli, A. M. (2015). Military Expenditures and Unemployment Nexus for Selected South Asian Countries. Social indicators research, 1-15.
Shahbaz, M., Lean, H. H., & Shabbir, M. S. (2010). Environmental Kuznets curve and the role of energy consumption in Pakistan. Development Research Papers, 10(05).
Sheikh, M. M., Iqbal, M.M., Ali G., Khan, A. M.: Global Warming In The Context Of Pakistan: Major Concerns And Remedial Strategies. Symposium on “Changing Environmental
Smelser, N. (1964). Toward a theory of modernization. Social change, 268-84.
Soon, W., Baliunas, S. L., Robinson, A. B., & Robinson, Z. W. (1999). Environmental effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. Energy & Environment, 10(5), 439-468.
Wang, X., & Mauzerall, D. L. (2006). Evaluating impacts of air pollution in China on public health: implications for future air pollution and energy policies. Atmospheric Environment, 40(9), 1706-1721.
Y. Sinyak, Global Climate and Energy-Systems. Sci. Total Environ. No.1 (1994) 31-51.
Yuan, J., Xu, Y., Hu, Z., Zhao, C., Xiong, M., & Guo, J. (2014). Peak energy consumption and CO< sub> 2 emissions in China. Energy Policy, 68, 508-523.