Perceived Sources of Stress among faculty members of COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Pakistan
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Published:
2017-03-31
Keywords:
Faculty’s Stress, Educational Institutions, Pakistan, Case Study, Teacher Stress Questionnaire, Factor Analysis.
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Abstract
The present study aims at exploring the perceived sources of stress among the faculty members of COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Pakistan by examining the stress coping methods used by faculty members for devising proposed stress management practices to faculty members. Two self-administered questionnaires were distributed among 150 randomly selected teachers from five campuses of (CIIT), Pakistan. The 1st questionnaire comprised 20-items regarding five teacher’s stressors while the second questionnaire contained 10-itmes about the individual stress copying techniques. Scores for items on stressors & stress copying techniques were computed by adding weights assigned and then an Exploratory Factor analysis was run for extracting stress contributing factors. The total teacher’s stress score ranged from 25 to 100 in which female, 25-30 years age group & single teacher had high stress scores. Total 18 items were loaded high (0.60+) on the five factors of stress after factor analysis. Majority of teachers (64%) practiced behavioral self-control, exercise and relaxation techniques for coping stress. This study does not investigate casual link between stress and stress contributing sources among teachers. The results of the study are useful both to academic world and to educational policy makers. This study is an addition to existing knowledge on university teachers’ stress in Pakistan. The awareness about stress contributing factors is vital to the university teachers in Pakistan because the problem of teachers’ stress if left unchecked can have devastating effects both on teachers as well on students.
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How to Cite
Perceived Sources of Stress among faculty members of COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Pakistan. (2017). Journal of Management Info, 4(1), 12-18. https://doi.org/10.31580/jmi.v4i1.28
References
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Eres Figen and Atanasoska Tatjana.(2011), “Occupational Stress of Teachers: A Comparative Study Between Turkey and Macedoniaâ€, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol.1 No. 7, pp. 59-65.
Fako Thabo T. (2010), “Occupational Stress among University Employees in Botswanaâ€, European Journal of Social Sciences, Vol.15 No. 3, p. 319
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Geving Allison M. (2007), “Identifying the types of student and teacher behaviors associated with teacher stressâ€, Teaching and Teacher Education, Vol. 23 No. 5, pp.624–640.
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Gunbayi Ilhan. (2009), “Academic staff's perceptions on stressors originating from interpersonal relations at work setting: a case studyâ€, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol.1 No. 1, pp. 50-60.
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Hodge GM, Jupp JJ and Taylor AJ. (1994), “Work, stress, distress and burnout in music and mathematics teachersâ€, British Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. 64 No.1, pp. 65–76.
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Jing Lizhen. (2008), “Faculty’s job stress and performance in the undergraduate education assessment in China: A mixed-methods studyâ€, Educational Research and Review, Vol. 3 No. 9, pp. 294-300.
Jing Lizhen. (2008), “Faculty’s job stress and performance in the undergraduate education assessment in China: A mixed-methods studyâ€, Educational Research and Review, Vol. 3 No. 9, pp.294-300.
Khan, F., Rasli, A. B. M., Yusoff, R. M., Malik, M. F., Khan, M. M., and Khan, Q. (2014). Effect of Emotional Exhaustion on Organziational Commitment among Academicains. Science International Lahore, 26(5), 2433-2437.
Khan, F., Rasli, A. M., Khan, S., Yasir, M., and Malik, M. F. (2014). Job Burnout and Professional Development among Universities Academicians. Science International Lahore, 26(4), 1693-1696.
Khan, F., Yusoff, R. M., and Khan, A. (2014). Job Demands, Burnout and Resources in Teaching a Conceptual Review. World Applied Sciences Journal, 30(1), 20-28.
Khan, A., Yusoff, R. B. M., and Azam, K. (2014). Factors of Job Stress among university teachers in Pakistan A conceptual review. Journal of Management Info, 2(1).
Kyriacou C. (2001), “Teacher stress: directions for future researchâ€, Educational Review, Vol. 53 No.1, pp. 27–35.
Linden Wolfgang. (2005), Stress management: From basic science to better practice, Sage Publication Inc, USA, pp: 73-74, 91-118.
Mostert F.F., Rothmann S., Mostert K and Nell K. (2008), “Outcomes of occupational stress in a higher education institutionâ€, Southern African Business Review Volume, Vol. 12 No.3, pp. 102-127.
Nakao Mutsuhiro. (2010), “Work-related stress and psychosomatic medicineâ€, BioPsychoSocial Medicine, Vol. 4 No.4, pp. 2-5.
Olivier, M. A and Venter D. (2003), “The extent and causes of stress in Teachers in the George regionâ€, South African Journal of Education, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp.186-192.
Olsgaard John N. and Summers William F. (1986), “Sources of Job-Related Tension among Administrators and Facultyâ€, Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, Vol. 27 No. 2, pp. 90-99.
Park Thomas .(2006), “Teaching as a career choice: attractors and deterrents identified by Grade 11 learnersâ€, South African Journal of Education, Vol 26 No. 1, pp. 143–156
Pohlmann John T. (2004), “Use and Interpretation of Factor Analysisâ€, The Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 98 No. 1, pp. 14-22.
Prakke Bette, Peet Van Arie and Wolf Der Van Kees. (2007), “Challenging parents, teacher occupational stress and health in Dutch primary schoolsâ€, International Journal about Parents in Education, Vol. 1 No.0, pp. 36-44.
Roger Derek and Hudson Chris. (1995), “The Role of Emotion Control and Emotional Rumination in Stress Management Trainingâ€, International Journal of Stress Management, Vol. 2 No. 3, pp. 119-130.
Russell D.W, Altmaier E and Van Velzen D. (1987), “Job-related stress, social support, and burnout among classroom teachersâ€, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 72 No.2, pp.269-74.
Safaria Triantoro and Othman bin Ahmad. (2011), “The Role of Leadership Practices on Job Stress among Malay Academic Staff: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysisâ€, International Education Studies, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 90-100.
Sharpley F., Reynolds, Acosta and Dua, J. K. (1996), “The presence, nature and effects of job stress on physical and psychological health at a large Australian universityâ€, Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 34 No.4, pp. 73–86.
Sherman Hugh D. (2011), “What is the future of the public university?â€, American Journal of Business, Vol. 26 No. 1
Stein F and Cutler S (2002), Psychosocial Occupational Therapy: A Holistic Approach, San Diego: Singular Publishing.
Thorsen Elizabeth J. (1996), “Stress in Academe: What Bothers Professors?†Higher Education, Vol.31, pp. 471-489.
Travers, C. J and Cooper, C. L. (1996), Teachers under pressure: Stress in the teaching profession, London: Routledge.
Troman Geoff and Woods Peter. (2001), Primary teachers’ stress, London, Routledge Falmer, UK.
Tytherleigh. M.Y and Cooper. (2007), “Gender, Health and Stress in English University Staff: Exposure or Vulnerabilityâ€, Applied Psychology: An International Review, Vol. 56 No.2, pp. 267–287.
Winefield Anthony H, Gillespie Nicole, Stough Con, Dua Jagdish, Hapuarachchi John and Boyd Carolyn. (2003), “Occupational Stress in Australian University Staff: Results from a National Surveyâ€, International Journal of Stress Management, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 51–63
Yin, R. K. (2009), Case study research: Design and methods, Newbury Park, CA. Sage.
Yasir, M., Imran, R., and Irshad, M. K. (2013). Mediating Role Of Organizational Climate In The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership, Its Facets And Organizational Performance. Actual Problems of Economics/Aktual'ni Problemi Ekonomìki, 145(7).
Yusoff, R. M., and Khan, F. (2013). Stress and Burnout in the Higher Education Sector in Pakistan: A Systematic Review of Literature. Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(11), 90-98
Yusoff, R. M., Khan, F., Mubeen, A., and Azam, K. (2013). A Study about Factors Influencing the University Performance. Jurnal Teknologi, 64(2).
Archibong, Aniedi Ijeoma , Bassey, Offiong Akpo, Effiom and Otu David. (2010), “Occupational Stress Sources among University Academic Staffâ€, European Journal of Educational Studies, Vol. 2 No. 3, pp. 217-225.
Barkhuizen N and Rothmann S. ( 2008), “Occupational stress of academic staff in South African higher education institutionsâ€, South African Journal of Psychology, Vol.38 No.2, p. 327.
Beehr Terry. (2002), “An organizational psychology meta-model for occupational stressâ€, in Cooper Cary By L (Ed), Theories of organizational stress, Oxford University Press, UK, pp. 6-27.
Caroline Biron, Jean-Pierre Brun and Hans Ivers. (2008), “Extent and sources of occupational stress in university staffâ€, Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation, Vol. 30, No.4, pp. 511-522.
Chang Ping Cheng and Tseng Mei Ya. (2009), “An Exploration of Job Stress among academic heads in Taiwanese Universitiesâ€, Social Behavior and Personality, Vol. 37 No. 5, pp. 583-590.
CIIT Ranking. (2010), “COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Ranking in Pakistanâ€, available at: http://www.ciit-isb.edu.pk/About%20CIIT/Ranking.aspx (accessed 12 June 2011).
Cinamon Gali Rachel and Rich Yisrael. (2005), “Work–family conflict among female teachers. Teaching and Teacher Educationâ€, Vol. 21 No.4, pp. 365-378.
Cockburn AD. (1996), “Primary teachers’ knowledge and acquisition of stress relieving strategiesâ€, British Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. 66 No.3, pp. 399–410.
Cooper Cary L., Dewe Philip and Driscoll Michael P. (2001), Organizational Stress: A Review and Critique of Theory, Research, and Applications, Sage Publications USA.
Cooper Donald R and Schindler Pamela S. (2003), Design Strategies in Business research methodsâ€, Tata MC, Graw Hills Publishing Company, New Delhi, p. 149.
Cutrona Carolyn. (1996), Social support in couples: Marriage as a resource in times of stress, Sage Publications Inc, USA, pp. 59-60.
Dua Jagdish. (1994), “Job Stressors and Their Effects on Physical Health, Emotional Health and Job Satisfaction in a Universityâ€, Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 32 No.1, pp. 59-78.
Eres Figen and Atanasoska Tatjana.(2011), “Occupational Stress of Teachers: A Comparative Study Between Turkey and Macedoniaâ€, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol.1 No. 7, pp. 59-65.
Fako Thabo T. (2010), “Occupational Stress among University Employees in Botswanaâ€, European Journal of Social Sciences, Vol.15 No. 3, p. 319
Fisher, S. (1994), Stress in Academic Life: The Mental Assembly Line, Buckingham: Open University Press, p. 61.
Forlin C. (2001), “Inclusion: identifying potential stressors for regular class teachersâ€, Educational Research, Vol. 43 No. 3, pp. 235-245.
Geving Allison M. (2007), “Identifying the types of student and teacher behaviors associated with teacher stressâ€, Teaching and Teacher Education, Vol. 23 No. 5, pp.624–640.
Gillespie, M Walsh, Winefield and Dua Stough.(2001), “Occupational stress in universities: staff perceptions of the causes, consequences and moderators of stressâ€, Work & Stress, Vol. 15 No.1, pp. 53 – 72.
Gmelch, W. H. (1993), Coping with faculty stress, New York: Sage Publications, USA.
Gold Eluned, Smith Alistair, HoppeIeuan , Herne David, Tansey Glenis and Hulland Christine. (2010), “Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Primary School Teachersâ€, Journal of Child and Family Studies, Vol.19 No. 2, pp. 184-189.
Gunbayi Ilhan. (2009), “Academic staff's perceptions on stressors originating from interpersonal relations at work setting: a case studyâ€, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol.1 No. 1, pp. 50-60.
He Xing Xiao, Li Yu Zhu, Shi Jian, Mao Rong, Mu Hua Rong and Zhou An Yi. (2000), “A Comparative Study of Stress among University Faculty in China and Japanâ€, Higher Education, Vol.39 No.3, pp. 253-278.
Hodge GM, Jupp JJ and Taylor AJ. (1994), “Work, stress, distress and burnout in music and mathematics teachersâ€, British Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. 64 No.1, pp. 65–76.
Iwanicki Edward. (1983), “Toward Understanding and Alleviating Teacher Burnoutâ€, Theory into Practice, Vol. 22 No.1, pp. 27-32.
Jesus de Neves Saul and Conboy Joseph. (2001), “A stress management course to prevent teacher distressâ€, The International Journal of Educational Management, Vol.15 No.3, pp. 131-134.
Jesus de Neves Saul and Conboy Joseph. (2001), “A stress management course to prevent teacher distressâ€, The International Journal of Educational Management, Vol. 15 No. 3, pp.131-137.
Jing Lizhen. (2008), “Faculty’s job stress and performance in the undergraduate education assessment in China: A mixed-methods studyâ€, Educational Research and Review, Vol. 3 No. 9, pp. 294-300.
Jing Lizhen. (2008), “Faculty’s job stress and performance in the undergraduate education assessment in China: A mixed-methods studyâ€, Educational Research and Review, Vol. 3 No. 9, pp.294-300.
Khan, F., Rasli, A. B. M., Yusoff, R. M., Malik, M. F., Khan, M. M., and Khan, Q. (2014). Effect of Emotional Exhaustion on Organziational Commitment among Academicains. Science International Lahore, 26(5), 2433-2437.
Khan, F., Rasli, A. M., Khan, S., Yasir, M., and Malik, M. F. (2014). Job Burnout and Professional Development among Universities Academicians. Science International Lahore, 26(4), 1693-1696.
Khan, F., Yusoff, R. M., and Khan, A. (2014). Job Demands, Burnout and Resources in Teaching a Conceptual Review. World Applied Sciences Journal, 30(1), 20-28.
Khan, A., Yusoff, R. B. M., and Azam, K. (2014). Factors of Job Stress among university teachers in Pakistan A conceptual review. Journal of Management Info, 2(1).
Kyriacou C. (2001), “Teacher stress: directions for future researchâ€, Educational Review, Vol. 53 No.1, pp. 27–35.
Linden Wolfgang. (2005), Stress management: From basic science to better practice, Sage Publication Inc, USA, pp: 73-74, 91-118.
Mostert F.F., Rothmann S., Mostert K and Nell K. (2008), “Outcomes of occupational stress in a higher education institutionâ€, Southern African Business Review Volume, Vol. 12 No.3, pp. 102-127.
Nakao Mutsuhiro. (2010), “Work-related stress and psychosomatic medicineâ€, BioPsychoSocial Medicine, Vol. 4 No.4, pp. 2-5.
Olivier, M. A and Venter D. (2003), “The extent and causes of stress in Teachers in the George regionâ€, South African Journal of Education, Vol. 23 No. 3, pp.186-192.
Olsgaard John N. and Summers William F. (1986), “Sources of Job-Related Tension among Administrators and Facultyâ€, Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, Vol. 27 No. 2, pp. 90-99.
Park Thomas .(2006), “Teaching as a career choice: attractors and deterrents identified by Grade 11 learnersâ€, South African Journal of Education, Vol 26 No. 1, pp. 143–156
Pohlmann John T. (2004), “Use and Interpretation of Factor Analysisâ€, The Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 98 No. 1, pp. 14-22.
Prakke Bette, Peet Van Arie and Wolf Der Van Kees. (2007), “Challenging parents, teacher occupational stress and health in Dutch primary schoolsâ€, International Journal about Parents in Education, Vol. 1 No.0, pp. 36-44.
Roger Derek and Hudson Chris. (1995), “The Role of Emotion Control and Emotional Rumination in Stress Management Trainingâ€, International Journal of Stress Management, Vol. 2 No. 3, pp. 119-130.
Russell D.W, Altmaier E and Van Velzen D. (1987), “Job-related stress, social support, and burnout among classroom teachersâ€, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 72 No.2, pp.269-74.
Safaria Triantoro and Othman bin Ahmad. (2011), “The Role of Leadership Practices on Job Stress among Malay Academic Staff: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysisâ€, International Education Studies, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 90-100.
Sharpley F., Reynolds, Acosta and Dua, J. K. (1996), “The presence, nature and effects of job stress on physical and psychological health at a large Australian universityâ€, Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 34 No.4, pp. 73–86.
Sherman Hugh D. (2011), “What is the future of the public university?â€, American Journal of Business, Vol. 26 No. 1
Stein F and Cutler S (2002), Psychosocial Occupational Therapy: A Holistic Approach, San Diego: Singular Publishing.
Thorsen Elizabeth J. (1996), “Stress in Academe: What Bothers Professors?†Higher Education, Vol.31, pp. 471-489.
Travers, C. J and Cooper, C. L. (1996), Teachers under pressure: Stress in the teaching profession, London: Routledge.
Troman Geoff and Woods Peter. (2001), Primary teachers’ stress, London, Routledge Falmer, UK.
Tytherleigh. M.Y and Cooper. (2007), “Gender, Health and Stress in English University Staff: Exposure or Vulnerabilityâ€, Applied Psychology: An International Review, Vol. 56 No.2, pp. 267–287.
Winefield Anthony H, Gillespie Nicole, Stough Con, Dua Jagdish, Hapuarachchi John and Boyd Carolyn. (2003), “Occupational Stress in Australian University Staff: Results from a National Surveyâ€, International Journal of Stress Management, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 51–63
Yin, R. K. (2009), Case study research: Design and methods, Newbury Park, CA. Sage.
Yasir, M., Imran, R., and Irshad, M. K. (2013). Mediating Role Of Organizational Climate In The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership, Its Facets And Organizational Performance. Actual Problems of Economics/Aktual'ni Problemi Ekonomìki, 145(7).
Yusoff, R. M., and Khan, F. (2013). Stress and Burnout in the Higher Education Sector in Pakistan: A Systematic Review of Literature. Research Journal of Recent Sciences, 2(11), 90-98
Yusoff, R. M., Khan, F., Mubeen, A., and Azam, K. (2013). A Study about Factors Influencing the University Performance. Jurnal Teknologi, 64(2).