Transformational leadership, organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior in the restaurant context
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research investigates the association between transformational leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). Moreover, organizational justice is analyzed as a mediating variable between transformational leadership behavior and OCB. This research was conducted in the restaurants of Pakistan, on a sample of 219 employees. The current study used correlation and regression analyses in order to test the hypothesized model. Findings of this research show that transformational leadership behavior and employees’ perception of organizational justice are significantly and positively related to employees’ OCB. In addition, the results also show that organizational justice perception mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and OCB. Thus, current research shows that the top management of the restaurants in Pakistan should focus on establishing transformational leadership behavior and also focus on the selection of individuals having transformational leadership qualities which have the ability to positively influence organizational justice perception thereby fostering OCB of employees. Lastly, this study provides its limitations and suggestions for further research.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licenced under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
References
Alamir, I., Ayoubi, R. M., Massoud, H., & Al Hallak, L. (2019). Transformational leadership, organizational justice and organizational outcomes: A study from the higher education sector in Syria. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 40(7), 749-763.
Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., & Jung, D. I. (1999). Re‐examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the Multifactor Leadership. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 72(4), 441-462.
Bacha, E., & Walker, S. (2013). The relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ perceptions of fairness. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(3), 667-680.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173.
Bass, B., & Avolio, B. (1995). MLQ Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire Sampler Set: Technical Report, Leader Form, and Scoring Key for MLQ Form 5x-Short. Redwood City. CA: Mind Garden.
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations: Free Press; Collier Macmillan.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1990). Developing transformational leadership: 1992 and beyond. Journal of European industrial training, 14(5).
Bass, B. M., & Steidlmeier, P. (1999). Ethics, character, and authentic transformational leadership behavior. The Leadership Quarterly, 10(2), 181-217.
Bies, R. J. (1986). Interactional justice: Communication criteria of fairness. Research on negotiation in organizations, 1, 43-55.
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership New York: Harper and Row.
Cengiz Ucar, A., Alpkan, L., & Elci, M. (2021). The Effect of Servant and Transformational Leadership Styles on Employee Creative Behavior: The Moderating Role of Authentic Leadership. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 10, 99-119.
Chan, S. H. J., & Lai, H. Y. I. (2017). Understanding the link between communication satisfaction, perceived justice and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of business research, 70, 214-223.
Chegini, M. G. (2009). The relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior. American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, 1(2), 173-176.
Cho, J., & Dansereau, F. (2010). Are transformational leaders fair? A multi-level study of transformational leadership, justice perceptions, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 21(3), 409-421.
Colquitt, J. A. (2001). On the dimensionality of organizational justice: a construct validation of a measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 386.
Colquitt, J. A., Conlon, D. E., Wesson, M. J., Porter, C. O., & Ng, K. Y. (2001). Justice at the millennium: a meta-analytic review of 25 years of organizational justice research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 425.
Cropanzano, R., Byrne, Z. S., Bobocel, D. R., & Rupp, D. E. (2001). Moral virtues, fairness heuristics, social entities, and other denizens of organizational justice. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58(2), 164-209.
Cropanzano, R., & Greenberg, J. (1997). Progress in organizational justice: Tunneling through the maze. International review of industrial and organizational psychology, 12, 317-372.
de Geus, C. J., Ingrams, A., Tummers, L., & Pandey, S. K. (2020). Organizational citizenship behavior in the public sector: A systematic literature review and future research agenda. Public Administration Review, 80(2), 259-270.
Donglong, Z., Taejun, C., Julie, A., & Sanghun, L. (2020). The structural relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior in university faculty in China: The mediating effect of organizational commitment. Asia Pacific Education Review, 21(1), 167-179.
Ehrhart, M. G. (2004). Leadership and procedural justice climate as antecedents of unit‐level organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel psychology, 57(1), 61-94.
Gillet, N., Fouquereau, E., Bonnaud-Antignac, A., Mokounkolo, R., and Colombat, P. (2013). The mediating role of organizational justice in the relationship between transformational leadership and nurses’ quality of work life: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. International journal of nursing studies, 50(10), 1359-1367.
Graham, J. W. (1989). Organizational citizenship behavior: Construct redefinition, operationalization, and validation. Unpublished working paper, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 68.
Graham, J. W. (1991). An essay on organizational citizenship behavior. Employee responsibilities and rights journal, 4(4), 249-270.
Greenberg, J. (1990). Organizational justice: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Journal of Management, 16(2), 399-432.
Greenberg, J. (1993). Stealing in the name of justice: Informational and interpersonal moderators of theft reactions to underpayment inequity. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 54(1), 81-103.
Guay, R. P., & Choi, D. (2015). To whom does transformational leadership matter more? An examination of neurotic and introverted followers and their organizational citizenship behavior. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(5), 851-862.
Gurmani, J. K., Khan, N. U., Khalique, M., Yasir, M., Obaid, A., & Sabri, N. A. A. (2021). Do Environmental Transformational Leadership Predicts Organizational Citizenship Behavior towards Environment in Hospitality Industry: Using Structural Equation Modelling Approach. Sustainability, 13(10), 5594.
Humphrey, A. (2012). Transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behaviors: The role of organizational identification. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 15(4), 247-268.
Joo, B.-K., & Jo, S. J. (2017). The effects of perceived authentic leadership and core self-evaluations on organizational citizenship behavior: The role of psychological empowerment as a partial mediator. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 38(3), 463-481.
Judge, T. A., & Piccolo, R. F. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: a meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755.
Khan, H., Yasir, M., Yusof, H. M., Saleem, M. M., & Khan, N. U. (2017). A Review of the Conceptualization of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. City University Research Journal, 81-87.
Khan, N. U., Cheng, J., Yasir, M., Saufi, R. A., Nawi, N. C., & Bazkiaei, H. A. (2022). Antecedents of Employee Green Behavior in the Hospitality Industry. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.836109
Khaola, P., & Rambe, P. (2020). The effects of transformational leadership on organisational citizenship behaviour: the role of organisational justice and affective commitment. Management Research Review, 44(3), 369-386.
Kirkpatrick, S. A., & Locke, E. A. (1996). Direct and indirect effects of three core charismatic leadership components on performance and attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(1), 36.
Lambert, E. G., Keena, L. D., Leone, M., May, D., & Haynes, S. H. (2020). The effects of distributive and procedural justice on job satisfaction and organizational commitment ofcorrectional staff. The Social Science Journal, 57(4), 405-416.
Lee, K., & Allen, N. J. (2002). Organizational citizenship behavior and workplace deviance: the role of affect and cognitions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 131.
López-Domínguez, M., Enache, M., Sallan, J. M., & Simo, P. (2013). Transformational leadership as an antecedent of change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of business research, 66(10), 2147-2152.
Morrison, E. W., & Phelps, C. C. (1999). Taking charge at work: Extrarole efforts to initiate workplace change. Academy of Management journal, 42(4), 403-419.
Nandedkar, A., & Brown, R. S. (2018). Transformational leadership and positive work outcomes. International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior, 21(4), 315-327.
Ng, T. W. (2017). Transformational leadership and performance outcomes: Analyses of multiple mediation pathways. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(3), 385-417.
Nohe, C., & Hertel, G. (2017). Transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: A meta-analytic test of underlying mechanisms. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1364.
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome: Lexington books/DC heath and com.
Özşahin, M., & Yürür, S. (2018). The effect of organizational structure on organizational justice perceptions of employees. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 7, 440-453.
Pillai, R., Schriesheim, C. A., & Williams, E. S. (1999). Fairness perceptions and trust as mediators for transformational and transactional leadership: A two-sample study. Journal of Management, 25(6), 897-933.
Podsakoff, N. P., Whiting, S. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & Blume, B. D. (2009). Individual-and organizational-level consequences of organizational citizenship behaviors: A meta-analysis: American Psychological Association.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly., 1(2), 107-142.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513-563.
Purvanova, R. K., Bono, J. E., & Dzieweczynski, J. (2006). Transformational leadership, job characteristics, and organizational citizenship performance. Human performance, 19(1), 1-22.
Sekaran, U. (2006). Research methods for business: A skill building approach: John Wiley & Sons.
Skarlicki, D. P., & Folger, R. (1997). Retaliation in the workplace: The roles of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice. Journal of Applied Psychology., 82(3), 434.
Tepper, B. J., & Taylor, E. C. (2003). Relationships among supervisors' and subordinates' procedural justice perceptions and organizational citizenship behaviors. Academy of Management journal, 46(1), 97-105.
Thibaut, J. W., & Walker, L. (1975). Procedural Justice: A Psychological Analysis: L. Erlbaum Associates.
Ullah, M., Yasir, M., Hamayun, M., Ullah, A., & Khan, S. N. (2021). Servant Leadership and Ethical Climate as Antecedents of Turnover Intentions in the Restaurant Industry of Pakistan. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 27(SI2), 1-16.
Ullah, S., Raza, B., Ali, W., Amjad, S. A., & Jadoon, A. K. (2021). Linking Self-efficacy and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Moderated Mediation Model. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 10(3), 233-247.
Van Knippenberg, D., Van Knippenberg, B., De Cremer, D., & Hogg, M. A. (2004). Leadership, self, and identity: A review and research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(6), 825-856.
Wang, G., Oh, I.-S., Courtright, S. H., & Colbert, A. E. (2011). Transformational leadership and performance across criteria and levels: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of research. Group & organization management, 36(2), 223-270.
Wang, X.-H. F., & Howell, J. M. (2010). Exploring the dual-level effects of transformational leadership on followers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(6), 1134.
Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601-617.
Yasir, M., & Jan, A. (2022). Servant leadership in relation to organizational justice and workplace deviance in public hospitals. Leadership in Health Services, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). doi: 10.1108/LHS-05-2022-0050
Yasir, M., Rasli, A., & Qureshi, M. I. (2017). Investigation of the Factors that Affect and Gets Affected by Organizational Ethical Climate. Advanced Science Letters, 23(9), 9351-9355. doi: https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.10479