Impact of motivation and job satisfaction on turnover: A case study of food additives producer Company
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
In the current working environment, employee turnover focused as the main issue found in almost many organizations. Employees are the key to a company's productions and services. When employees are taken good care of by focusing on their needs, they will bring up the company’s performance. However, the increasing percentage of employee turnover makes the company pay more attention to motivation and job satisfaction. Thus, an organization strongly thinks that employee motivation and job satisfaction should reduce the employee turnover rate. This action research was conducted to analyze the current factors influencing motivation and job satisfaction that brings to turnover intention. This research also suggests professional leadership training as a planned intervention towards this company. This research was focused on estimating the outcome of the planned intervention to reduce employee turnover intention in the Company. This action research study was conducted using two frameworks which are Social Exchange Theory and Theory Planned Behaviors. The methodology used in this research was a mixed-method approach by taking two interviews with managers (Qualitative approach), while a questionnaire survey (Quantitative Approach) was conducted with 35 respondents. Thematic Analysis and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) were utilized to analyze the data. Before the intervention, motivation and job satisfaction among employees were evaluated as low, and turnover intention was high based on an interview with managers and pre-survey results. The positive effects of the professional leadership training as intervention organized in the Company initiated are notable in thematic analysis and post-training survey results retrieved from employees. Based on the research, professional leadership training will be recommended for future researchers.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licenced under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
References
AbuKhalifeh, A. N., & Som, A. P. M. (2013). The Antecedents Affecting Employee Engagement and Organizational Performance. Asian Social Science, 9(7), 41–46. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n7p41 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n7p41
Akhtar, N., Khan, N., Mahroof Khan, M., Ashraf, S., Hashmi, M. S., Khan, M. M., & Hishan, S. S. (2021). Post-COVID 19 Tourism: Will Digital Tourism Replace Mass Tourism?. Sustainability, 13(10), 5352. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105352 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13105352
Alias, N. E., Rohmanan, N. H., Ismail, S., Koe, W.-L., & Othman, R. (2018). Factors Influencing Turnover Intention in a Malaysian Manufacturing Company. KnE Social Sciences, 3(10), 771-778. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i10.3171 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i10.3171
Brimhall, K. C., Lizano, E. L. & Mor Barak, M. E., (2014). The Mediating Role of Inclusion: A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Leader– member exchange and diversity climate on job satisfaction and intention to leave among child welfare workers. Children and Youth Services Review, 40, 79-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.03.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.03.003
Cheng, Y. & Waldenberger, F. (2013). Does Training Affect Individuals' Turnover Intention? Evidence from China. Journal of Chinese Human Resources Management, 4(1) 16–38. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHRM-10-2012-0024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHRM-10-2012-0024
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary Review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
Cox, S. A. (1999). Group communication and employee turnover: How coworkers encourage peers to voluntarily exit. Southern Communication Journal, 64(3): 181-192. https://doi.org/10.1080/10417949909373133 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10417949909373133
Deckop, J. R., Cirka, C. C. & Andersson, L. M. (2003). Doing unto others: The reciprocity of helping behavior in organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 47(2): 101-113. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026060419167 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026060419167
Effiong, C., Usoro, A. A., & Ekpenyong, O. E. (2017). The Impact of Labour Turnover on Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) Performance in Cross River State, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 19(10), 40–57. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-1910014057
Elliot, A. J. (2005), “A conceptual history of the achievement goal constructs”, in Elliot, A. J. & Dweck, C. S. (Eds), Handbook of Competence and Motivation, (pp. 52-72), The Guilford Press, New York, NY.
Ensher, E. A., Thomas, C. & Murphy, S. E. (2001). Comparison of traditional, step-ahead, and peer mentoring on proteges’ support, satisfaction, and perceptions of career success: A social exchange perspective. Journal of Business and Psychology, 15(3), 419-438. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007870600459 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007870600459
Hishan, S. S., Qureshi, M. I., Khan, N., Ramakrishnan, S., Jaiprakash, H., & Vaicondam, Y. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sustainable development goals: What we learn from the past and where we are heading?. Studies of Applied Economics, 39(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i3.4172 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i3.4172
Houston, F. S., Gassenheimer, J. B. & Moskulka, J. M. (1992). Marketing exchange transactions and relationships. Westport, CT: Quorum Books.
Hussein, A. A. (2015). Investigating Factors that Influence Employees’ Turnover Intention: A Review of Existing Empirical Works. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(12), 152-166. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v10n12p152 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v10n12p152
Iddagoda, A., Opatha, H. H. D. N. P., & Gunawardana, K. (2015, December). Employee Engagement: Conceptual Clarification from Existing Confusion and Towards an Instrument of Measuring It. In 12th International Conference on Business Management (ICBM), Colombo, Sri Lanka. (pp. 1-26). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2699798 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2699798
Kelana, B. W. Y., Mansor, N. N. A., & Sanny, L. (2016). HR sustainability practices instrument comparative analysis in Malaysian SMEs. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 24(S), 73-79.
LaMorte, W. (2019, September 9). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Boston University School of Public Health.
Li, L. (2020, July 20). Social Exchange Theory: What it is and How it Applies in the Workplace. TINYpulse. Available at https://www.tinypulse.com/blog/sk-social-exchange-theory-in-the-workplace
Manokaran, K., Ramakrishnan, S., Hishan, S., & Soehod, K. (2018). The impact of corporate social responsibility on financial performance: Evidence from Insurance firms. Management Science Letters, 8(9), 913-932. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2018.6.016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2018.6.016
Molm, L. D., Schaefer, D. R., & Collett, J. L. (2007). The volue of reciprocity. Social Psychology Quarterly, 70(2), 199–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/019027250707000208 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/019027250707000208
Moorman, R. H., Blakely, G. L. & Niehoff, B. P. (1998). Does perceived organizational support mediate the relationship between procedural justice and organizational citizenship behavior? Academy of Management Journal, 41(3), 351- 357. https://doi.org/10.5465/256913 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/256913
Msangi, J. J. (2019). Human Resource Management Practices and Employees’ Engagement in Small and Medium Enterprises in Tanzania: The Mediating Effect of Organisation View. The International Journal of Business & Management, 7(7), 431-440. https://doi.org/10.24940/theijbm/2019/v7/i7/bm1907-078 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24940/theijbm/2019/v7/i7/BM1907-078
Ngo-Henha, P. E. (2018). A review of existing turnover intention theories. International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering, 11(11), 2760-2767. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1316263
Perrone, V., Zaheer, A. & McEvily, B. (2003). Free to be trusted? Organizational constraints on trust in boundary spanners. Organization Science, 14(4), 422-439. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.14.4.422.17487 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.14.4.422.17487
Qureshi, M. I., Khan, N., Qayyum, S., Malik, S., Sanil, H. S., & Ramayah, T. (2020). Classifications of sustainable manufacturing practices in ASEAN region: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis of the past decade of research. Sustainability, 12(21), 8950. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218950 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218950
Ramakrishnan, S., Hishan, S. S., Shahabuddin, A. S. M., & Kanjanapathy, M. (2016). The role of corporate social responsibility in flood mitigation among the listed insurance companies in Malaysia. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(4S), 86-90.
Robertson, I. T., & Cooper, C. L. (2010). Full engagement: The integration of employee engagement and psychological well-being. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 31(4), 324–336. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731011043348 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731011043348
Sanil, H. S., & Ramakrishnan, S. (2015). Communicating the corporate social responsibility on the company website: A study conducted on WRAP certified apparel manufacturers in India. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 5(1S), 52-56.
Sanil, H. S., Ramakrishnan, S., Alwethainani, M., Kazi, A. G., & Siddique, M. (2016). Effectiveness of supply chain management with reference to apparel industry: A case study in India. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(4S), 176-184.
Shahatha Al-Mashhadani, A. F., Qureshi, M. I., Hishan, S. S., Md Saad, M. S., Vaicondam, Y., & Khan, N. (2021). Towards the Development of Digital Manufacturing Ecosystems for Sustainable Performance: Learning from the Past Two Decades of Research. Energies, 14(10), 2945. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14102945 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14102945
Singh, R., Fouad, N. A., Fitzpatrick, M. E., Liu, J. P., Cappaert, K. J. & Figuereido, C., (2013). Stemming the Tide: Predicting Women Engineers’ Intentions to Leave. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(3), 281-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.05.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2013.05.007
Stowers, J. (2020, July 23). Employee Retention: What Does Your Turnover Rate Tell You?, Business.Com. Retrieve from https://www.business.com/articles/employee-turnover-rate/
Vaicondam, Y., Hishan, S. S., Begum, S., & Hassan, M. (2021). Information and Communication Technology-Based Education Planning and Attitude of College Students. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 15(4), 48-60. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i04.20365 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i04.20365
Wittmer, J. L. S., Martin, J. E. & Tekleab, A. G., (2010). Procedural Justice and Work Outcomes in a Unionized Setting: The Mediating Role of Leader-Member Exchange. American Journal of Business, 25(2) 55–70. https://doi.org/10.1108/19355181201000010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/19355181201000010