Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a common parasitic infection and a major public health concern in endemic regions. The disease is transmitted through the bites of infected female Phlebotomus or Lutzomyia sandflies. Several risk factors contribute to its spread, including poor housing conditions, inadequate hygiene, close proximity to animals, climate change, deforestation, travel, and population displacement. Host-related factors such as age, malnutrition, and immunosuppression further increase susceptibility to infection. Effective management of CL requires accurate diagnosis, timely treatment, and appropriate preventive measures. Local therapeutic options include cryotherapy, thermotherapy, topical paromomycin, and intralesional antimonial therapy, whereas more severe or complicated cases require systemic treatment with pentavalent antimonials, amphotericin B, or miltefosine. Early detection, improved awareness of risk factors, access to effective healthcare, and implementation of vector control strategies are essential to reduce transmission and to prevent relapse and chronic complications.
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