Managing Paronychia: Risk Factors, Symptoms and Treatment Approaches
----Review Article----
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31580/bj6d3z05Keywords:
Common, Infection, Management, Paronychia, Risk factorsAbstract
Paronychia, a prevalent nail infection, is characterized by erythema and edema in the lateral nail fold, exhibiting acute or prolonged manifestations with infectious or noninfectious origins. Various causal agents, including Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, have been identified through bacterial investigations. Immunocompromised individuals, diabetics, and those regularly exposed to chemicals and moisture are at an elevated risk for paronychia. Additionally, certain medications, such as epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, can induce paronychia. Occupations involving frequent mechanical trauma, like cooks and housekeepers, are particularly susceptible.
The condition is influenced by several risk factors, including age and participation in manicures. Staphylococcus aureus is the primary pathogen in bacterial paronychia, although fungal infections, irritants, nail-biting, and certain medications can also contribute. Complications may lead to the development of felons, and differential diagnoses encompass sclerotic cell cancer, onychomycosis, and cellulitis. Management options range from antibiotics and drainage to conservative measures, with surgery being reserved for rare and severe cases. Laser therapy presents an innovative therapeutic approach. Timely intervention and an understanding of risk factors are pivotal for the effective treatment of paronychia.
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