Assessment of Genetic Variability Through Correlation and Path Analysis in Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) Research Article
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Abstract
Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) is a highly valuable legume crop cultivated across Southeast Asia and in the temperate regions of the USA, Canada, and Australia. Commonly known as mashbean, it is a nutritionally rich crop containing high levels of protein, essential minerals, vitamins, and amino acids. However, genetic drift, selection during domestication, and natural mutations have resulted in a narrow genetic base among the available blackgram cultivars. Therefore, the exploration of naturally occurring genetic variability is essential for breeders to enhance the genetic potential of existing cultivars. Despite several efforts, limited progress has been made in identifying and utilizing this variability in blackgram improvement programs.
In the present study, fourteen genotypes of blackgram were evaluated using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Various morphological and yield-related traits were recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences among the studied traits, indicating the presence of sufficient genetic variability among the genotypes. Phenotypic correlation analysis showed significant and positive correlations between seed yield and all studied traits, except for 1000-seed weight, which exhibited a non-significant association. Similarly, genotypic correlation analysis indicated a positive and significant relationship between seed yield and most traits, except for a positive but non-significant correlation with 1000-seed weight.
Path coefficient analysis revealed that plant height, number of clusters per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, and harvest index had significant and direct positive effects on seed yield. In contrast, traits such as 50% flowering, number of branches per plant, number of pods per cluster, and biomass exhibited direct but non-significant effects on yield. The residual effect value was found to be 0.051, indicating that the characters included in this study collectively contributed 94.9% of the total variation in seed yield per plant.
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