Evaluation of Different Management Practices and Their Integration in Controlling Sucking Pests of Cotton Research Article
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Abstract
Cotton cultivation accounts for nearly 16% of global pesticide use, leading to serious environmental, health, and food security concerns, particularly in developing countries such as Pakistan. Among the major threats to cotton productivity are sucking pests, which require sustainable and ecologically sound management approaches. Biological control, through the use of beneficial organisms and biopesticides, derived from living organisms with pesticidal properties, represents a promising alternative to conventional chemical pesticides. However, the practical application of these approaches remains limited in local agro-ecosystems. Therefore, the present study was conducted at a farmer’s field in Bahawalpur district, Pakistan, to evaluate four management strategies against cotton sucking pests: biological control (release of *Chrysoperla carnea* @ 600 eggs per treatment), biopesticide application (NIAB ECO SPRAY @ 2.5 L/acre), a combined approach (biological control + biopesticide), and chemical control (Tolfenpyrad + Emamectin Benzoate 12 SC @ 200 ml/acre). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and a plot size of 1360 ft² per treatment. Applications were made fortnightly from late June to late September 2024, and pest populations (thrips, whiteflies, and jassids) were recorded at three and seven days post-application. Results showed that the combined application of biological control and biopesticide was most effective against whiteflies and thrips, while chemical control provided better suppression of jassids. It can be concluded that for effective management of whiteflies and thrips, biological and biopesticide approaches can serve as sustainable alternatives, whereas integrated use of insecticides with biological methods may be necessary when targeting jassids.
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