Study on Prevalence of Ticks and Its Effect on Hematological Profile of Cattle in Quetta District Research Article

Article Sidebar

PDF
Published: 2025-09-30
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31580/pjmls.v8i3.3349
Keywords:
Cattle, Hematology, Quetta, Ticks

Main Article Content

Nimat Ullah
Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta Pakistan
Mahrukh Naseem
Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta Pakistan
Kashif Kamran
Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta Pakistan
Abdullah
Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta Pakistan
Mehwish Khan
Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
Naheed Rajper
Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
Muhammad Iqbal
Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Balochistan, Pakistan

Abstract

Research was conducted to understand the effect of tick infestation on hematological profile of cattle. Ticks and blood samples were collected from cattle in the district of Quetta, Balochistan. 100 Cattle were selected, having no tick infestation, low tick infestation, mild tick infestation, and high tick infestation for hematological evaluation. 421 ticks were identified, out of which 66.03% (n=278) belonged to Hyaloma anatolicum and 33.97% (n=143) were of Rhepicephalus microplus. The blood parameters of non-infested and infested cattle were found to be significantly different. TEC (P<0.0001), PCV (P<0.05), MCV, Hb (P<0.0001), MCHC (P<0.01), Monocytes (P<0.0001), Neutrophils (P<0.05), and Platelets (P<0.0001) counts declined. At the same time, MCH (P<0.0001), TLC (P<0.01), Eosinophils (P<0.0001) and Lymphocytes (P<0.05) were elevated in tick-infested cattle. In conclusion, ticks and tick-borne diseases are highly responsible for altering the blood profile of infested cattle.

Article Details

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025): July-September 2025

Section

Research Article
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Study on Prevalence of Ticks and Its Effect on Hematological Profile of Cattle in Quetta District: Research Article. (2025). Pak-Euro Journal of Medical and Life Sciences, 8(3), 667-672. https://doi.org/10.31580/pjmls.v8i3.3349

References

1. Raziq A, Younas M, Rehman Z. Prospects of livestock production in Balochistan. 2010.

2. De León AAP, Mitchell III RD, Watson DW. Ectoparasites of cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. 2020;36(1):173-85.

3. Black 4th W, Piesman J. Phylogeny of hard-and soft-tick taxa (Acari: Ixodida) based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1994;91(21):10034-8.

4. Jameson LJ, Medlock JM. Tick surveillance in great Britain. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases. 2011;11(4):403-12.

5. Rehman A, Nijhof AM, Sauter-Louis C, Schauer B, Staubach C, Conraths FJ. Distribution of ticks infesting ruminants and risk factors associated with high tick prevalence in livestock farms in the semi-arid and arid agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. Parasites & vectors. 2017;10:1-15.

6. de Jong YA, Butynski TM. Distribution, abundance, ecology, and conservation status of the desert warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) in northern Kenya. Suiform Sound. 2014;13:48.

7. Eisen RJ, Eisen L, Ogden NH, Beard CB. Linkages of weather and climate with Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae), enzootic transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi, and Lyme disease in North America. Journal of medical entomology. 2016;53(2):250-61.

8. Manual M. Haematologic reference ranges. The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2012.

9. Isaac L, Abah G, Akpan B, Ekaette I, editors. Haematological properties of different breeds and sexes of rabbits. Proceedings of the 18th annual conference of animal science association of Nigeria; 2013.

10. Khan TA, Zafar F. Haematological study in response to varying doses of estrogen in broiler chicken. International Journal of Poultry Science. 2005;4(10):748-51.

11. Oyawoye B, Ogunkunle H. Biochemical and haematological reference values in normal experimental animals. New York: Mason. 2004:212-6.

12. Blood DC, Henderson JA, Radostits OM. Veterinary medicine. A textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs and horses1981.

13. Kebzai F, Ashraf K, Rehman MU, Akbar H, Avais M. Prevalence and associated risk factors of ixodid tick species infesting cattle and sheep in Balochistan, Pakistan. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports. 2024;49:100993.

14. Hussain A, Hussain S, Yu A, Varga C, De Leo GA, Smith RL. Geographical epidemiology of Hyalomma anatolicum and Rhipicephalus microplus in Pakistan: A systematic review. Plos one. 2024;19(8):e0309442.

15. Nosheen Rafique NR, Asmatullah Kakar AK, Asim Iqbal AI, Zubia Masood ZM, Wajeeha Razzaq WR. Identification of three species of ticks Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, Hyalomma aegyptium and Dermacenter andersoni in Quetta city of Balochistan, Pakistan. 2015.

16. Nosheen Rafiq NR, Asmatullah Kakar AK, Arshad Ghani AG, Asim Iqbal AI, Achakzai WM, Shagufta Sadozai SS, et al. Ixodid ticks (Arachnida: Acari) prevalence associated with risk factors in the bovine host in District Quetta, Balochistan. 2017.

17. Sajid M, Iqbal Z, Khan M, Muhamamd G, Iqbal M. Effect of Hyalomma ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on milk production of dairy buffaloes (Bos Bubalus Bubalis) of Punjab (Pakistan). Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2007;6(sup2):939-41.

18. Ahmed J, Alp H, Aksin M, Seitzer U. Current status of ticks in Asia. Parasitology research. 2007;101:159-62.

19. Irshad N, Qayyum M, Hussain M, Khan MQ. Prevalence of tick infestation and theileriosis in sheep and goats. Pak Vet J. 2010;30(3):178-80.

20. Turner H, Short A. Effects of field infestations of gastrointestinal helminths and of the cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) on growth of three breeds of cattle. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 1972;23(1):177-93.

21. De Clercq EM, Vanwambeke SO, Sungirai M, Adehan S, Lokossou R, Madder M. Geographic distribution of the invasive cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus, a country-wide survey in Benin. Experimental and Applied Acarology. 2012;58:441-52.

22. Bonnet SI, Vourc’h G, Raffetin A, Falchi A, Figoni J, Fite J, et al. The control of Hyalomma ticks, vectors of the Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus: Where are we now and where are we going? PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2022;16(11):e0010846.

23. Durrani A, Kamal N, Khan M. Incidence of theileriosis and estimation of packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count and hemoglobin in buffaloes. J Anim Plant Sci. 2006;16:85-8.

24. Kaur D, Jaiswal K, Mishra S. Effect of tick infestation on haematological parameters of calves. J Entomol Zool Stud. 2017;5:107-11.

25. El-Hamed A, Hala A, Salem SM, Ibrahim HN. Haemato-biochemical Alterations in Cattle Suffering from Anaemia and their effect on quality of some meat. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry and Environmental Health. 2016;2(2):232-49.

26. Abdel-Hamied E, Aboelhadid S, Arafa W, Mahmoud M. Clinical, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant status and hemato-biochemical alterations in tropical theileriosis affected crossbred cows. J Anim Health Prod. 2020;8(3):150-7.

27. Ellah M, Al-Hosary AAT. Cattle theileriosis: effect on serum constituents, erythrocytes and platelets pictures. 2011.

28. Sarwar MS, Ali H, Usman T, Khan NU, Khan H, Khan I, et al. A study on immunological response of leukocytes to ticks in cattle reared in sub-tropical region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Pure and Applied Biology. Vol. 8, Issue 2, pp1655-1660. 2019.

29. Khalaf TM, Hama Hasan TA, Mustafa HA. Study of effects the outer insects as parasites on some of hematological changes of cattle in nanava city. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy. 2020;11(12).

30. Gebelhoff E. The influence of infestation with the ticks Boophilus decoloratus (Koch, 1844) and Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (Pomerantzev, 1946) on the blood picture of the calf. 1973:55.