Development of Cost Effective Oil-Based Hemorrhagic Septicemia Vaccine Using Liquid Paraffin Adjuvant Research Article

Abstract

Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) is a contagious bacterial disease that primarily affects livestock, especially buffaloes and cattle, leading to substantial economic losses in the livestock industry. This research explores the development of an oil-based vaccine for Hemorrhagic Septicemia using liquid paraffin as an adjuvant. The vaccine was prepared using the Robert strain B2 as the antigen. After harvesting the biomass, it was inactivated by adding 0.5% formaldehyde. Tween 20 and Span 80 were emulsified in liquid paraffin as adjuvants, and 0.03% thimerosal sodium was added to the final formulation. The homogenized mixture then passed all quality‐control checks before proceeding to in vitro clinical trials in rabbits. Following a primary dose and a booster at day 14, blood samples were collected on day 30, and sera were tested for antibodies by IHA. The results showed that Montanide induced the highest antibody titer (GMT = 256), followed by liquid paraffin (GMT = 64) and Eolane 150 (GMT = 16). The oil-adjuvanted vaccine demonstrated satisfactory immunogenicity and could be deployed in endemic areas.