Germplasm Characterization of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Related to Yield Enhancing Factors Using Principal Component Analysis

Research Article

Authors

  • Muhammad Rizwan Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan
  • Saadia Groundnut Research Station, Attock, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Zeeshan Barani Agricultural Research Station, Fatehjang, Pakistan
  • Sikander Hayat Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan
  • Abdul Basit Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Shakeel Hanif Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan
  • Aftab Ahmad Khan Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan
  • Ghulam Ahmad Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Arif Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Tanveer Ahmad Kalyar Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan
  • Abid Ali Agricultural Research Station, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
  • Abdul Jabbar Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan
  • Abrar Ahmad Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan
  • Shoaib Anwar Kohli Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Hayat Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan
  • Ahmad Hussain Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31580/pjmls.v8i2.3335

Keywords:

Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., Eigen value, Genetic variability, Principal components

Abstract

In order to establish the selection criteria, seventy chickpea genotypes were assessed during the rabi season of 2023-24 across nine physiological traits. The selection of genotypes and traits relied on Principal Component Analysis. Results regarding PCA revealed that the first three PC’s showed eigenvalues greater than 1; therefore, these were considered for the dissection of variation. The initial four principal components accounted for 76.8% of the overall variation. PC1 contributed to 38.9% of the total diversity, whereas PC2, PC3, and PC4 accounted for 16.0%, 11.9%, and 10.0% of the variability, respectively. The first principal component, PC1, exhibited strong positive loadings for Seed Yield (0.516), Pods per plant (0.483), and secondary branches (0.442), along with negative loadings for wilting disease (-0.501). The second principal component, PC2, displayed a high positive loading for 100 seed weight (0.349) but showed negative contributions for days to maturity (-0.534) and Seeds per Pod (-0.475). Principal component three (PC3) established high positive loadings for Days to flowering(0.720) and 100-seed weight(0.668). The traits, viz., secondary branches, seed yield, pods per plant, and disease tolerance (wilting percentage), exhibited a valuable positive correlation. The genotypes 22ACK13, 22ACK15, 14FCK10, 15FCK14, 17FCK05, 17FCK41, 17FCK60, 18FCK27, 19FCK11, 19FCK17, 19FCK18, and 20KCC101 have good potential for these characters. These results may assist chickpea breeders in future hybridisation programs for improving yield and related traits.

Author Biographies

  • Muhammad Rizwan, Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan

    Senior Scientist, Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha 

  • Saadia, Groundnut Research Station, Attock, Pakistan

    Scientific Officer, Groundnut Research Station, Attock

  • Muhammad Zeeshan, Barani Agricultural Research Station, Fatehjang, Pakistan

    Senior Scientist, Barani Agri. Res. Station Fatehjang

  • Sikander Hayat, Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan

    Principal Scientist, Fodder Research Institute Sargodha

  • Abdul Basit, Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan

    Senior Scientist, Fodder Research Institute Sargodha

  • Muhammad Shakeel Hanif, Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan

    Senior Scientist, Fodder Research Institute Sargodha

  • Aftab Ahmad Khan, Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan

    SS, Fodder Research Institute Sargodha

  • Ghulam Ahmad, Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan

    SS, Fodder Research Institute Sargodha

  • Muhammad Arif, Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan

    SS, Fodder Research Institute Sargodha

  • Muhammad Tanveer Ahmad Kalyar, Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan

    SS, Fodder Research Institute Sargodha

  • Abdul Jabbar, Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan

    PS, Fodder Research Institute Sargodha

  • Abrar Ahmad, Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan

    SO, Fodder Research Institute Sargodha

  • Shoaib Anwar Kohli, Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan

    SO, Fodder Research Institute Sargodha

  • Muhammad Hayat, Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan

    RA, Fodder Research Institute Sargodha

  • Ahmad Hussain, Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan

    PS, Fodder Research Institute Sargodha

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Published

2025-06-30

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Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): April-June 2025

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