Antimicrobial effect of Walnut leaves (Juglans regia) on Streptococcus mutans in Dental Caries among School Going Children in District Quetta Research Article
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Abstract
Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are oral opportunistic pathogens which cause dental carries particularly in children. The objective of study was to determine the status of dental carries in Government school's children age between 10-14 years. Four hundred dental samples were collected among the students, cultured on selective media and biochemically identified. The molecular identification was done by specific primer for each bacterial species. Out of 400 samples 111 (27%) were S. mutans and 33 (8.25%) were S. sobrinus were identified. The lowest positive numbers of S. mutans were 13 out of 90 dental samples in age group of 10 years while highest numbers were 32 out of 50 samples in age group of 14 years. Similarly, 5 positive samples were identified as S. sobrinus out of 78 in age group of 13 years while 9 were positive out of 50 in age group 14 years. Another prime aspect of this research was to determine the efficacy of walnuts leaves (Juglans regia) on isolates. Various concentrations of walnut leaves extract (ethanolic) were tested against S. mutans and S. sobrinus which showed significant antibacterial activity in well diffusion method. The MIC and MBC were also evaluated. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of walnuts leave extracts was 50µl/ml. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined at 100µl/ml. The oral microbes show antibiotic resistivity therefore antibiotic sensitivity test was also performed against isolates. The most effective antibiotic against S. mutans was Sulphamethoxazole that formed 22mm of inhibition zone while Nalidixic acid showed low sensitivity with 10mm of inhibition zone. The antibiotics which formed a 20 mm inhibition zone against S. sobrinus were Oxytetracycline and Sulphamethoxazole. Both isolated bacterial species showed antibiotic resistance against Erythromycin, Penicillin-G, Clindamycin, Lincomycin and Norfloxacin.
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