Integrating Biochemistry and Oncology: Proteomics-driven Cancer Biomarker Discoveries, Transforming Early Detection and Personalized Therapy
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Abstract
Proteomics has emerged as the driver for new generation oncology by identifying potential cancer biomarkers that can help to develop early diagnosis and tailored treatment strategy. The authors of this review also present proteomics-based cancer biomarkers of the past few years, focusing on cellular mechanisms underlying cancer development. Thus, it defines how modern, high-throughput proteomic techniques like mass spectrometry I and protein microarrays help to identify specific protein patterns associated with oncogenic pathways and provide important information about the nature of the tumor. According to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis), a set of rules aimed at enhancing the transparency of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, 80 studies were searched using the keywords from the electronic databases which include, PubMed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and specific oncology database from January 2010 to August 2024. Of these sources, 40% (32) were obtained from PubMed, 35% (28) from Google Scholar and the remaining 25% (20) from other academic databases. The studies detail the biomarkers commonly associated with different cancers such as lung, breast, prostate and colorectal cancer and stress the value of these biomarkers in both diagnostic and curative settings.
The implementation of proteomics in oncology advances the comprehension of significant events including signal transduction, immune escape and metastasis. Moreover, we assessed how these biomarkers can be applied to develop tailored treatment plans using NGS (Next Generation Sequencing), a suite of advanced technologies for high throughput sequencing of DNA and RNA and CRISPR/Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats), gene editing technology, systems. This review emphasizes the potential of proteomics in shaping the future of precision oncology with particular regard to the possibility of early diagnosis, biomarkers of therapy outcomes, and methods that may be employed to prevent and mitigate the process of therapy-induced resistance. Thus, inferring the proteomics-driven biomarkers interlinked with personalized cancer medicine. Thus, proteomics-driven biomarker studies of cancer are a crucial advancement in the development of personalized cancer medicine.
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