Characterization of Aminoglycoside-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Respiratory Specimens: Phenotypic and Molecular Insights
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31580/pjmls.v7i2.3079Keywords:
Aminoglycoside, Medical microbiology, PCR, Pseudomonas aeruginosaAbstract
Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterial pathogen belonging to the Pseudomonadaceae family, causes various infections, including nosocomial infections. It is a Gram-negative bacillus that is aerobic, non-fermentative, and noted for its virulence. Three primary mechanisms can confer antibiotic resistance in this bacterium: reduced permeability of porins, alteration of antibiotic targets, and enzymatic inactivation of antibiotics. Objective: The main objective is to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from respiratory specimens. Methodology: Bacterial pathogens will be identified following the CLSI guidelines and traditional microbiological procedures. After identification and confirmation of bacterial pathogens from respiratory specimens, DNA will be extracted using the Miniprep bacterial DNA extraction kit, and the DNA bands will be visualized by gel electrophoresis. Genes responsible for aminoglycoside resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa will be amplified with specific primers using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Additionally, the statistical analysis carried out using SPSS. Results: Among 80 isolates from pateints 42 are males and 38 are females. Microscopic examination revealed a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacillus and motile. The organism demonstrated distinct biochemical characteristics through a battery of assays, including tests for catalase, oxidase, citrate, urease, SIM, and TSI. It tested positive for catalase, oxidase, and citrate utilization but negative for motility, urease, TSI, and indole production. Strains exhibiting resistance to aminoglycosides, carbapenems, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones accounted for approximately 85% of the samples. Additionally, about 80% of the bacteria were resistant to colistin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to aminoglycosides were found to carry the armA gene in approximately 86% of cases. The remaining 14% of the strains, which were sensitive to aminoglycosides, did not display bands in electrophoresis analyses. Conclusion: The repercussions authenticate the pathogen's renowned multidrug resistance and highlight the need for more study and efficient antimicrobial superintendence.
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