Phytochemical Screening and In-Vitro Evaluation of Antidiabetic Efficiency in Bioactive Extracts of Abelmoschus Esculentus and Momocardiac Charantia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31580/0tzfbp80Keywords:
Alpha-amylase inhibition, Bioactive extracts, Bitter Gourd, Diabetes Mellitus, Okra, Phytochemicals Screening, Antidiabetic efficiencyAbstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a severe, protracted, and complicated metabolic illness with various etiologies and life-altering short-term and long-term repercussions. People in both developed and developing countries are impacted by DM, which poses a serious socioeconomic problem. Pakistan has the third highest frequency of diabetes in the world after China and India. In response to the rising number of diabetic patients in Pakistan, the current study was designed to determine the in vitro antidiabetic efficiency of Abelmoschus esculentus and Momordica charantia, using inhibition of α-amylase and their phytochemical constituents. Extractions of these plants showed gradual increase in the α-amylase inhibition. The highest inhibition percentage of α-amylase obtained at highest concentration (5mg/ml) was 22% in A. esculentus and 26% in M. charantia. IC50 value obtained was 10.1mg/ml in A. esculentus and 10.5mg/ml in M. charantia. M. charantia has a slightly better inhibition percentage of α-amylase than. A. esculentus. These two must function as an affordable medication for DM with fewer side effects. Most of the tests performed to test phytochemicals in both plants came positive, indicating that phytochemicals may also have some relationship to antidiabetic action because of their capacity to scavenge free radicals.
References
Kharroubi AT, Darwish HM. Diabetes mellitus: The epidemic of the century. World Journal of Diabetes. 2015;6(6):850.
Alam U, Asghar O, Azmi S, Malik RA. General aspects of diabetes mellitus. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 2014;126:211-22.
Sun H, Saeedi P, Karuranga S, Pinkepank M, Ogurtsova K, Duncan BB, Stein C, Basit A, Chan JC, Mbanya JC, Pavkov ME. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2022;183:109119.
Kaur M, Misra S, Swarnkar P, Patel P, Kurmi BD, Gupta GD, Singh A. Understanding the role of hyperglycemia and the molecular mechanism associated with diabetic neuropathy and possible therapeutic strategies. Biochemical Pharmacology. 2023;215:115723.
Meo SA, Zia I, Bukhari IA, Arain SA. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan: Current prevalence and future forecast. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2016;66(12):1637-42.
Nyamai DW, Arika W, Ogola PE, Njagi EN, Ngugi MP. Medicinally important phytochemicals: an untapped research avenue. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2016;4(4):2321-6182.
Deji SA, Amu EO, Ajayi PO, Ogunleye TS. Preference for Traditional Medical Care to Orthodox Medical Care Among Secondary School Students in Rural Area of Nigeria. European Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2021;9(1):14-8.
Saggar S, Mir PA, Kumar N, Chawla A, Uppal J, Kaur A. Traditional and herbal medicines: opportunities and challenges. Pharmacognosy Research. 2022;14(2): 107-114.
Dubey P, Mishra S. A review on: Diabetes and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). Journal of Medical Plants Studies. 2017;5(3):23-26.
Gemede HF, Ratta N, Haki GD, Woldegiorgis AZ, Beyene F. Nutritional quality and health benefits of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus): A review. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences. 2015;4(2):208-215
Joseph B, Jini D. Antidiabetic effects of Momordica charantia (bitter melon) and its medicinal potency. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. 2013 3(2):93-102.
Mobini-Dehkordi M, Javan FA. Application of alpha-amylase in biotechnology. Journal of Biology and Today’s World. 2012;1(1):39-50.
Sultana R, Alashi AM, Islam K, Saifullah M, Haque CE, Aluko RE. Inhibitory activities of Polyphenolic extracts of Bangladeshi vegetables against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, renin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme. Foods. 2020;9(7):844.
Nair SS, Kavrekar V, Mishra A. In vitro studies on alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitory activities of selected plant extracts. European Journal of Experimental Biology. 2013;3(1):128-32.
Anjum N, Tripathi YC. Phytochemical screening and in vitro evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Ficus palmata fruits. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research. 2019;6(11):251-258.
Anand M, Shrestha S, Singh M, Anal AK. Extraction and in vitro evaluation of antidiabetic efficiency of bioactive extracts from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). Innovation and Food Ingredients and Food Safety.2021:42-49.
Gul R, Jan SU, Faridullah S, Sherani S, Jahan N. Preliminary phytochemical screening, quantitative analysis of alkaloids, and antioxidant activity of crude plant extracts from Ephedra intermedia indigenous to Balochistan. The Scientific World Journal. 2017;2017: 5873648.
Kazeem MI, Adamson JO, Ogunwande IA. Modes of inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase by aqueous extract of Morinda lucida Benth leaf. BioMed Research International. 2013; 2013(1):527570.
McCue P, Kwon YI, Shetty K. Anti‐amylase, anti‐glucosidase and anti‐angiotensin i‐converting enzyme potential of selected foods. Journal of Food Biochemistry. 2005;29(3):278-294.
Elya B, Basah K, Mun'Im A, Yuliastuti W, Bangun A, Septiana EK. Screening of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from some plants of Apocynaceae, Clusiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Rubiaceae. Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. 2012;2012:281078.
Apostolidis E, Kwon YI, Shetty K. Inhibitory potential of herb, fruit, and fungal-enriched cheese against key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies. 2007;8(1):46-54.
Amole OO, Ilori OO. Antimicrobial activity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the stem bark of Alstonia boonei. International Journal of Phytopharmacology. 2010;1(2):119-23.
Kulkarni P, Lohidasan S, Mahadik K. Isolation, characterisation and investigation of in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of phytoconstituents from fruit of Momordica charantia Linn. Natural Product Research. 2021;35(6):1035-7.
Miura T, Itoh C, Iwamoto N, Kato M, Kawai M, Park SR, Suzuki I. Hypoglycemic activity of the fruit of the Momordica charantia in type 2 diabetic mice. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology. 2001;47(5):340-4.
Saha D, Jain B, Jain VK. Phytochemical evaluation and characterization of hypoglycemic activity of various extracts of Abelmoschus esculentus Linn. fruit. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2011;3(2):183-5.
Matsuda H, Morikawa T, Yoshikawa M. Antidiabetogenic constituents from several natural medicines. Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2002;74(7):1301-8.
Ncube NS, Afolayan AJ, Okoh AI. Assessment techniques of antimicrobial properties of natural compounds of plant origin: current methods and future trends. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2008;7(12): 1797-1806.
Shaikh JR, Patil M. Qualitative tests for preliminary phytochemical screening: An overview. International Journal of Chemical Studies. 2020;8(2):603-8.
Akinsulire OR, Aibin IE, Adenipekun T, Adelowotan T, Odugbemi T. In vitro antimicrobial activity of crude extracts from plants Bryophyllum pinnatum and Kalanchoe crenata. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 2007;4(3):338-44.
Hassan SM, Haq AU, Byrd JA, Berhow MA, Cartwright AL, Bailey CA. Haemolytic and antimicrobial activities of saponin-rich extracts from guar meal. Food Chemistry. 2010;119(2):600-5.
Sodipo OA, Akinniyi JA, Ogunbameru JV. Studies on certain characteristics of extracts of bark of Pausinystalia johimbe and Pausinystalia macroceras (K Schum) Pierre ex Beille. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 2000;6(1):83-8.
Saxena G, Kalra SS, Gupta NE. Antimicrobial activity pattern of certain terpenoids. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences. 2011;2(1):87-91.
El-Sakka MA. Phytochemistry (3) alkaloids. Al Azhar University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy: Cairo, Egypt. 2010.
Xiao J, Capanoglu E, Jassbi AR, Miron A. Advance on the flavonoid C-glycosides and health benefits. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2016;56(1):29-45.
Singh R, Arif T, Khan I, Sharma P. Phytochemicals in antidiabetic drug discovery. Journal of Biomedical & Therapeutic Sciences. 2014;1(1):1-33.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Pak-Euro Journal of Medical and Life Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.