Investigating Entosis and Autophagy Dynamics in Diverse Tumor Microenvironments
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Abstract
Introduction: Studies on entosis have led us to the task of summarizing its importance in the context of cancer. It has been demonstrated that entosis is correlated with cancer prognosis in various types of cancers like head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, pancreatic ductal carcinoma, and breast carcinoma. A large number of entotic figures have been found to be associated with more malignant cancer phenotype and poorer prognosis in many types of cancers. Autophagy is a cellular process wherein the components of cells are broken down and recycled. This process has been found to be corelated with the development of cancer.
Objective: we identified the role of entosis and autophagy-related genes like RHOA, ROCK1, ROCK2, AMPK, BNIP3, BNIP3L that can be used as prognostic markers and prognostic signature was constructed based on these genes so that to predict the prognosis of general cancers patients.
Material & Method: Blood samples from 60 patients with general cancer were collected. RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. The quantification of entosis and autophagy genes was carried out on the DNA using RT-qPCR. The result revealed altered expression profiles of the genes under observation. Results: We found a significant overexpression of Autophagy related gene BNIP3L and BNIP3 in breast and ovarian cancer. While in down-regulation showed in AMPK of ovarian and leukemia cancer. ROCK1 and ROCK2 gene of entosis showed that upregulation in breast cancer, while ovarian cancer showed in-verse results in ROCK1 and ROCK2 expression.
Conclusion: From this study, it is inferenced that by evaluating the expression of entosis and autophagy related biomarkers, we can devise personalized therapeutics.
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