Screening of Risk Factors and Subclinical Aspects for Hepatitis A, B and C in the Hospitalized Drug Addictives in “Treatment And Rehabilitation Center” in District Kech, Balochistan

Balach Khan; Asim Iqbal; Mir Chakar Baloch; Muhammad Ismail; Shahbaz Nasir; Basharat Iqbal; Mahrukh Naseem

doi:10.31580/pjmls.v6i2.2744

Authors

Balach Khan Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
Asim Iqbal Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
Mir Chakar Baloch Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
Muhammad Ismail Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
Shahbaz Nasir Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
Basharat Iqbal Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
Mahrukh Naseem Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31580/pjmls.v6i2.2744

Keywords:

Age groups, HAV, HBV, HCV, Hygiene condition, Injectable drug users, Prevalence, Risk factors

Abstract

Viral hepatitis is a serious health problem this study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of HAV, HBV and HCV in the injectable drug users (IDUs) admitted in Treatment and Rehabilitation Center for Drug Addicts in District Kech, with prior concentration given to the associated risk factors and sub-clinical aspects. During the study, a total of 436 IDUs blood simple were tested for the confirmation of HAV, HBV and HCV infections in Teaching Hospital Turbat. The socio-demographic data (e.g., age, gender, literacy, vaccination, economical and marital status), associated risk factors were also recorded in the questionnaire-based study. All the infected individuals were divided into three age groups i.e. group-I (10- 20 Yrs), group II (21-40Yrs) and group-III (41- 60 Yrs).Out of these 436 tested IDUs372 (85.32%) was found to have HAV, HBV and HCV infections. Out of 372 infected IDUs 13.30% (58/436) were infected with HAV, 30.73% (134/436) were infected with HBV and 41.28% (180/436) were infected with HCV. The prevalence of hepatitis infection was highest in group II 259/436 (59.40%), followed by group III 61/436 (13.90%), however least prevalence was found in group-I 52/436 (11.92%). The collected data showed that majority of hepatitis patients maintained the poor hygiene condition 246/436 (56.42%). A relatively lesser number of patients 126/436 (28.89%) were observed to have good hygiene condition. The most serious risk factors of HAV, HBV and HCV infections in IDUs of Treatment and Rehabilitation Center were notably the use of unsterilized syringe which is 75.92% and it’s shearing among themselves for injecting drugs, followed by hair dressing tools (30.50%), unsterilized surgical tools (25.46 %).

Author Biographies

Balach Khan, Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan

Viral hepatitis is a serious health problem this study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of HAV, HBV and HCV in the injectable drug users (IDUs) admitted in Treatment and Rehabilitation Center for Drug Addicts in District Kech, with prior concentration given to the associated risk factors and sub-clinical aspects. During the study, a total of 436 IDUs blood simple were tested for the confirmation of HAV, HBV and HCV infections in Teaching Hospital Turbat. The socio-demographic data (e.g., age, gender, literacy, vaccination, economical and marital status), associated risk factors were also recorded in the questionnaire-based study. All the infected individuals were divided into three age groups i.e. group-I (10- 20 Yrs), group II (21-40Yrs) and group-III (41- 60 Yrs).Out of these 436 tested IDUs372 (85.32%) was found to have HAV, HBV and HCV infections. Out of 372 infected IDUs 13.30% (58/436) were infected with HAV, 30.73% (134/436) were infected with HBV and 41.28% (180/436) were infected with HCV. The prevalence of hepatitis infection was highest in group II 259/436 (59.40%), followed by group III 61/436 (13.90%), however least prevalence was found in group-I 52/436 (11.92%). The collected data showed that majority of hepatitis patients maintained the poor hygiene condition 246/436 (56.42%). A relatively lesser number of patients 126/436 (28.89%) were observed to have good hygiene condition. The most serious risk factors of HAV, HBV and HCV infections in IDUs of Treatment and Rehabilitation Center were notably the use of unsterilized syringe which is 75.92% and it’s shearing among themselves for injecting drugs, followed by hair dressing tools (30.50%), unsterilized surgical tools (25.46 %).
Asim Iqbal, Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan

Viral hepatitis is a serious health problem this study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of HAV, HBV and HCV in the injectable drug users (IDUs) admitted in Treatment and Rehabilitation Center for Drug Addicts in District Kech, with prior concentration given to the associated risk factors and sub-clinical aspects. During the study, a total of 436 IDUs blood simple were tested for the confirmation of HAV, HBV and HCV infections in Teaching Hospital Turbat. The socio-demographic data (e.g., age, gender, literacy, vaccination, economical and marital status), associated risk factors were also recorded in the questionnaire-based study. All the infected individuals were divided into three age groups i.e. group-I (10- 20 Yrs), group II (21-40Yrs) and group-III (41- 60 Yrs).Out of these 436 tested IDUs372 (85.32%) was found to have HAV, HBV and HCV infections. Out of 372 infected IDUs 13.30% (58/436) were infected with HAV, 30.73% (134/436) were infected with HBV and 41.28% (180/436) were infected with HCV. The prevalence of hepatitis infection was highest in group II 259/436 (59.40%), followed by group III 61/436 (13.90%), however least prevalence was found in group-I 52/436 (11.92%). The collected data showed that majority of hepatitis patients maintained the poor hygiene condition 246/436 (56.42%). A relatively lesser number of patients 126/436 (28.89%) were observed to have good hygiene condition. The most serious risk factors of HAV, HBV and HCV infections in IDUs of Treatment and Rehabilitation Center were notably the use of unsterilized syringe which is 75.92% and it’s shearing among themselves for injecting drugs, followed by hair dressing tools (30.50%), unsterilized surgical tools (25.46 %).
Mir Chakar Baloch, Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan

Viral hepatitis is a serious health problem this study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of HAV, HBV and HCV in the injectable drug users (IDUs) admitted in Treatment and Rehabilitation Center for Drug Addicts in District Kech, with prior concentration given to the associated risk factors and sub-clinical aspects. During the study, a total of 436 IDUs blood simple were tested for the confirmation of HAV, HBV and HCV infections in Teaching Hospital Turbat. The socio-demographic data (e.g., age, gender, literacy, vaccination, economical and marital status), associated risk factors were also recorded in the questionnaire-based study. All the infected individuals were divided into three age groups i.e. group-I (10- 20 Yrs), group II (21-40Yrs) and group-III (41- 60 Yrs).Out of these 436 tested IDUs372 (85.32%) was found to have HAV, HBV and HCV infections. Out of 372 infected IDUs 13.30% (58/436) were infected with HAV, 30.73% (134/436) were infected with HBV and 41.28% (180/436) were infected with HCV. The prevalence of hepatitis infection was highest in group II 259/436 (59.40%), followed by group III 61/436 (13.90%), however least prevalence was found in group-I 52/436 (11.92%). The collected data showed that majority of hepatitis patients maintained the poor hygiene condition 246/436 (56.42%). A relatively lesser number of patients 126/436 (28.89%) were observed to have good hygiene condition. The most serious risk factors of HAV, HBV and HCV infections in IDUs of Treatment and Rehabilitation Center were notably the use of unsterilized syringe which is 75.92% and it’s shearing among themselves for injecting drugs, followed by hair dressing tools (30.50%), unsterilized surgical tools (25.46 %).
Muhammad Ismail, Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan

Viral hepatitis is a serious health problem this study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of HAV, HBV and HCV in the injectable drug users (IDUs) admitted in Treatment and Rehabilitation Center for Drug Addicts in District Kech, with prior concentration given to the associated risk factors and sub-clinical aspects. During the study, a total of 436 IDUs blood simple were tested for the confirmation of HAV, HBV and HCV infections in Teaching Hospital Turbat. The socio-demographic data (e.g., age, gender, literacy, vaccination, economical and marital status), associated risk factors were also recorded in the questionnaire-based study. All the infected individuals were divided into three age groups i.e. group-I (10- 20 Yrs), group II (21-40Yrs) and group-III (41- 60 Yrs).Out of these 436 tested IDUs372 (85.32%) was found to have HAV, HBV and HCV infections. Out of 372 infected IDUs 13.30% (58/436) were infected with HAV, 30.73% (134/436) were infected with HBV and 41.28% (180/436) were infected with HCV. The prevalence of hepatitis infection was highest in group II 259/436 (59.40%), followed by group III 61/436 (13.90%), however least prevalence was found in group-I 52/436 (11.92%). The collected data showed that majority of hepatitis patients maintained the poor hygiene condition 246/436 (56.42%). A relatively lesser number of patients 126/436 (28.89%) were observed to have good hygiene condition. The most serious risk factors of HAV, HBV and HCV infections in IDUs of Treatment and Rehabilitation Center were notably the use of unsterilized syringe which is 75.92% and it’s shearing among themselves for injecting drugs, followed by hair dressing tools (30.50%), unsterilized surgical tools (25.46 %).
Shahbaz Nasir, Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan

Viral hepatitis is a serious health problem this study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of HAV, HBV and HCV in the injectable drug users (IDUs) admitted in Treatment and Rehabilitation Center for Drug Addicts in District Kech, with prior concentration given to the associated risk factors and sub-clinical aspects. During the study, a total of 436 IDUs blood simple were tested for the confirmation of HAV, HBV and HCV infections in Teaching Hospital Turbat. The socio-demographic data (e.g., age, gender, literacy, vaccination, economical and marital status), associated risk factors were also recorded in the questionnaire-based study. All the infected individuals were divided into three age groups i.e. group-I (10- 20 Yrs), group II (21-40Yrs) and group-III (41- 60 Yrs).Out of these 436 tested IDUs372 (85.32%) was found to have HAV, HBV and HCV infections. Out of 372 infected IDUs 13.30% (58/436) were infected with HAV, 30.73% (134/436) were infected with HBV and 41.28% (180/436) were infected with HCV. The prevalence of hepatitis infection was highest in group II 259/436 (59.40%), followed by group III 61/436 (13.90%), however least prevalence was found in group-I 52/436 (11.92%). The collected data showed that majority of hepatitis patients maintained the poor hygiene condition 246/436 (56.42%). A relatively lesser number of patients 126/436 (28.89%) were observed to have good hygiene condition. The most serious risk factors of HAV, HBV and HCV infections in IDUs of Treatment and Rehabilitation Center were notably the use of unsterilized syringe which is 75.92% and it’s shearing among themselves for injecting drugs, followed by hair dressing tools (30.50%), unsterilized surgical tools (25.46 %).
Basharat Iqbal, Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan

Viral hepatitis is a serious health problem this study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of HAV, HBV and HCV in the injectable drug users (IDUs) admitted in Treatment and Rehabilitation Center for Drug Addicts in District Kech, with prior concentration given to the associated risk factors and sub-clinical aspects. During the study, a total of 436 IDUs blood simple were tested for the confirmation of HAV, HBV and HCV infections in Teaching Hospital Turbat. The socio-demographic data (e.g., age, gender, literacy, vaccination, economical and marital status), associated risk factors were also recorded in the questionnaire-based study. All the infected individuals were divided into three age groups i.e. group-I (10- 20 Yrs), group II (21-40Yrs) and group-III (41- 60 Yrs).Out of these 436 tested IDUs372 (85.32%) was found to have HAV, HBV and HCV infections. Out of 372 infected IDUs 13.30% (58/436) were infected with HAV, 30.73% (134/436) were infected with HBV and 41.28% (180/436) were infected with HCV. The prevalence of hepatitis infection was highest in group II 259/436 (59.40%), followed by group III 61/436 (13.90%), however least prevalence was found in group-I 52/436 (11.92%). The collected data showed that majority of hepatitis patients maintained the poor hygiene condition 246/436 (56.42%). A relatively lesser number of patients 126/436 (28.89%) were observed to have good hygiene condition. The most serious risk factors of HAV, HBV and HCV infections in IDUs of Treatment and Rehabilitation Center were notably the use of unsterilized syringe which is 75.92% and it’s shearing among themselves for injecting drugs, followed by hair dressing tools (30.50%), unsterilized surgical tools (25.46 %).
Mahrukh Naseem, Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan

Viral hepatitis is a serious health problem this study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of HAV, HBV and HCV in the injectable drug users (IDUs) admitted in Treatment and Rehabilitation Center for Drug Addicts in District Kech, with prior concentration given to the associated risk factors and sub-clinical aspects. During the study, a total of 436 IDUs blood simple were tested for the confirmation of HAV, HBV and HCV infections in Teaching Hospital Turbat. The socio-demographic data (e.g., age, gender, literacy, vaccination, economical and marital status), associated risk factors were also recorded in the questionnaire-based study. All the infected individuals were divided into three age groups i.e. group-I (10- 20 Yrs), group II (21-40Yrs) and group-III (41- 60 Yrs).Out of these 436 tested IDUs372 (85.32%) was found to have HAV, HBV and HCV infections. Out of 372 infected IDUs 13.30% (58/436) were infected with HAV, 30.73% (134/436) were infected with HBV and 41.28% (180/436) were infected with HCV. The prevalence of hepatitis infection was highest in group II 259/436 (59.40%), followed by group III 61/436 (13.90%), however least prevalence was found in group-I 52/436 (11.92%). The collected data showed that majority of hepatitis patients maintained the poor hygiene condition 246/436 (56.42%). A relatively lesser number of patients 126/436 (28.89%) were observed to have good hygiene condition. The most serious risk factors of HAV, HBV and HCV infections in IDUs of Treatment and Rehabilitation Center were notably the use of unsterilized syringe which is 75.92% and it’s shearing among themselves for injecting drugs, followed by hair dressing tools (30.50%), unsterilized surgical tools (25.46 %).

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Screening of Risk Factors and Subclinical Aspects for Hepatitis A, B and C in the Hospitalized Drug Addictives in “Treatment And Rehabilitation Center” in District Kech, Balochistan

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