Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Associated Sub-Clinical Aspects of Hepatitis A, B And C in Ethnic Groups of Panjgur District, Balochistan

Authors

  • Shahbaz Nazeer Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
  • Asim Iqbal Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
  • Mir Chakar Baloch Department of BZoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
  • Balach Khan Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Ismail Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
  • Basharat Iqbal Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
  • Mahrukh Naseem Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31580/pjmls.v6i2.2743

Keywords:

Hepatitis, Hygiene Prevalence, Panjgur, Risk factors, Unsterilized medical equipment

Abstract

Hepatitis is a severe health matter and this study was designed at examining the occurrence of HAV, HBV and HCV specifically in major ethnic groups (Brahui, Baloch, Pashtun, punjabi Sindhi) living in District Panjgur with prior concentration given to the associated risk factors and sub-clinical features. During the study, the overall prevalence was high in males 32.77 % (370/1129) than females 27.63 % (312/1129).  Out of total 1129 studied cases, 229 (20.28%) were found to be hepatitis A patients, 375 (33.21%) individuals were suffering from HBV and 78 (6.90%) were suffering from HCV infection. Group-I (1–20 years), Group-II (21–40 years), and Group-III (41–60 years) were used to categorize all the affected people.  Infection rates were greatest in age group II (21–40 years). Similar to this, it was found that the majority of the patients had inadequate hygiene. The use of unsterilized medical and dental equipment, accidents, blood transfusions, and unsafe sexual contact were identified as the main risk factors for the spread of viral hepatitis. Fever, muscular pain, jaundice, dark urine and abdominal pain were the most commonly occurred sub-clinical features.

 

Author Biographies

  • Shahbaz Nazeer, Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
    Hepatitis is a severe health matter and this study was designed at examining the occurrence of HAV, HBV and HCV specifically in major ethnic groups (Brahui, Baloch, Pashtun, punjabi Sindhi) living in District Panjgur with prior concentration given to the associated risk factors and sub-clinical features. During the study, the overall prevalence was high in males 32.77 % (370/1129) than females 27.63 % (312/1129).  Out of total 1129 studied cases, 229 (20.28%) were found to be hepatitis A patients, 375 (33.21%) individuals were suffering from HBV and 78 (6.90%) were suffering from HCV infection. Group-I (1–20 years), Group-II (21–40 years), and Group-III (41–60 years) were used to categorize all the affected people.  Infection rates were greatest in age group II (21–40 years). Similar to this, it was found that the majority of the patients had inadequate hygiene. The use of unsterilized medical and dental equipment, accidents, blood transfusions, and unsafe sexual contact were identified as the main risk factors for the spread of viral hepatitis. Fever, muscular pain, jaundice, dark urine and abdominal pain were the most commonly occurred sub-clinical features.<br />
  • Asim Iqbal, Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
    Hepatitis is a severe health matter and this study was designed at examining the occurrence of HAV, HBV and HCV specifically in major ethnic groups (Brahui, Baloch, Pashtun, punjabi Sindhi) living in District Panjgur with prior concentration given to the associated risk factors and sub-clinical features. During the study, the overall prevalence was high in males 32.77 % (370/1129) than females 27.63 % (312/1129).  Out of total 1129 studied cases, 229 (20.28%) were found to be hepatitis A patients, 375 (33.21%) individuals were suffering from HBV and 78 (6.90%) were suffering from HCV infection. Group-I (1–20 years), Group-II (21–40 years), and Group-III (41–60 years) were used to categorize all the affected people.  Infection rates were greatest in age group II (21–40 years). Similar to this, it was found that the majority of the patients had inadequate hygiene. The use of unsterilized medical and dental equipment, accidents, blood transfusions, and unsafe sexual contact were identified as the main risk factors for the spread of viral hepatitis. Fever, muscular pain, jaundice, dark urine and abdominal pain were the most commonly occurred sub-clinical features.<br />
  • Mir Chakar Baloch, Department of BZoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
    Hepatitis is a severe health matter and this study was designed at examining the occurrence of HAV, HBV and HCV specifically in major ethnic groups (Brahui, Baloch, Pashtun, punjabi Sindhi) living in District Panjgur with prior concentration given to the associated risk factors and sub-clinical features. During the study, the overall prevalence was high in males 32.77 % (370/1129) than females 27.63 % (312/1129).  Out of total 1129 studied cases, 229 (20.28%) were found to be hepatitis A patients, 375 (33.21%) individuals were suffering from HBV and 78 (6.90%) were suffering from HCV infection. Group-I (1–20 years), Group-II (21–40 years), and Group-III (41–60 years) were used to categorize all the affected people.  Infection rates were greatest in age group II (21–40 years). Similar to this, it was found that the majority of the patients had inadequate hygiene. The use of unsterilized medical and dental equipment, accidents, blood transfusions, and unsafe sexual contact were identified as the main risk factors for the spread of viral hepatitis. Fever, muscular pain, jaundice, dark urine and abdominal pain were the most commonly occurred sub-clinical features.<br />
  • Muhammad Ismail, Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
    Hepatitis is a severe health matter and this study was designed at examining the occurrence of HAV, HBV and HCV specifically in major ethnic groups (Brahui, Baloch, Pashtun, punjabi Sindhi) living in District Panjgur with prior concentration given to the associated risk factors and sub-clinical features. During the study, the overall prevalence was high in males 32.77 % (370/1129) than females 27.63 % (312/1129).  Out of total 1129 studied cases, 229 (20.28%) were found to be hepatitis A patients, 375 (33.21%) individuals were suffering from HBV and 78 (6.90%) were suffering from HCV infection. Group-I (1–20 years), Group-II (21–40 years), and Group-III (41–60 years) were used to categorize all the affected people.  Infection rates were greatest in age group II (21–40 years). Similar to this, it was found that the majority of the patients had inadequate hygiene. The use of unsterilized medical and dental equipment, accidents, blood transfusions, and unsafe sexual contact were identified as the main risk factors for the spread of viral hepatitis. Fever, muscular pain, jaundice, dark urine and abdominal pain were the most commonly occurred sub-clinical features.<br />
  • Basharat Iqbal, Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
    Hepatitis is a severe health matter and this study was designed at examining the occurrence of HAV, HBV and HCV specifically in major ethnic groups (Brahui, Baloch, Pashtun, punjabi Sindhi) living in District Panjgur with prior concentration given to the associated risk factors and sub-clinical features. During the study, the overall prevalence was high in males 32.77 % (370/1129) than females 27.63 % (312/1129).  Out of total 1129 studied cases, 229 (20.28%) were found to be hepatitis A patients, 375 (33.21%) individuals were suffering from HBV and 78 (6.90%) were suffering from HCV infection. Group-I (1–20 years), Group-II (21–40 years), and Group-III (41–60 years) were used to categorize all the affected people.  Infection rates were greatest in age group II (21–40 years). Similar to this, it was found that the majority of the patients had inadequate hygiene. The use of unsterilized medical and dental equipment, accidents, blood transfusions, and unsafe sexual contact were identified as the main risk factors for the spread of viral hepatitis. Fever, muscular pain, jaundice, dark urine and abdominal pain were the most commonly occurred sub-clinical features.<br />
  • Mahrukh Naseem, Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
    Hepatitis is a severe health matter and this study was designed at examining the occurrence of HAV, HBV and HCV specifically in major ethnic groups (Brahui, Baloch, Pashtun, punjabi Sindhi) living in District Panjgur with prior concentration given to the associated risk factors and sub-clinical features. During the study, the overall prevalence was high in males 32.77 % (370/1129) than females 27.63 % (312/1129).  Out of total 1129 studied cases, 229 (20.28%) were found to be hepatitis A patients, 375 (33.21%) individuals were suffering from HBV and 78 (6.90%) were suffering from HCV infection. Group-I (1–20 years), Group-II (21–40 years), and Group-III (41–60 years) were used to categorize all the affected people.  Infection rates were greatest in age group II (21–40 years). Similar to this, it was found that the majority of the patients had inadequate hygiene. The use of unsterilized medical and dental equipment, accidents, blood transfusions, and unsafe sexual contact were identified as the main risk factors for the spread of viral hepatitis. Fever, muscular pain, jaundice, dark urine and abdominal pain were the most commonly occurred sub-clinical features.<br />

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2023-06-30

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Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): May-July

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