Evaluating the Use of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Leaves Powder as A Growth Promoter in Broiler Chicken
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31580/pjmls.v6i2.2737Keywords:
Neem leaves powder, Production performance, Dressing percentage, BroilersAbstract
A research study was executed to determine the influence of dietary supplementation neem leaves powder (NLP) on production and carcass parameters and immune response in the broilers. Furthermore, invitro analysis regarding antimicrobial and antifungal activities of neem were performed during the study. A total of 225, one day old (Cobb 500) broiler chicks were procured and assigned randomly into one of five treatment groups of 45 broilers each. The treatment groups were replicated thrice, with each replicate containing 15 broilers. The experimental rations were prepared by supplementing neem leaf powder at dose rate of 0.6, 1.2, 2.4 and 4.8 g per kg to the basal diet. Feed intake, body weight and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved in the broilers fed either 2.4 or 4.8g neem leaves powder supplemented diets. Regarding carcass traits, dietary supplementation of NLP has resulted in higher dressing percentage in the broilers. The organs weight, however, remain unaffected among various treatment groups in the broilers. The broilers fed 4.8g NLP supplemented diet has resulted in an increased antibody titer against sheep red blood cells in the broilers. Eischeria coli and Aspergillus growth were significantly reduced by methanolic and aqueous extracts of neem during in vitro analysis. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of NLP has resulted in an improved production performance, higher dressing percentage and increased immune response in the broilers.References
Aslam HB, Alarcon P, Yaqub T, Iqbal M, Hasler B. A value chain approach to characterize the chicken sub-sector in Pakistan. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2020;7:1-18.
Pakistan Economic Survey. Government of Pakistan, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Economic Adviser’s Wing, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2021-22:37.
Alam GMM, Khatun MN, Kamruzzaman M. Factors affecting poultry production: empirical insights from rural areas of Bangladesh. Annals of Bangladesh Agriculture. 2012;16(1):71-81.
Ahmed M, Siddique SH, Das TK, Choe H, Kang D, Shim K. Growth performance of broilers and prevalence of different diseases vary with environmental variation. Research Square. 2022:1-11.
Costa MC, Bessegatto JA, Alfieri AA, Weese JS, Filho JAB, Alexandre O. Different antibiotic growth promoters induce specific changes in the caecal microbiota membership of broiler chicken. PLoS One. 2017;12:1-13.
Ripon MMR, Rashid MH, Rahman MM, Ferdous MF, Arefin MS, Sani AA, Hossain MT, Ahmad MU, Rafiq K. Dose-dependent response to phytobiotic supplementation in feed on growth, hematology, intestinal pH, and gut bacterial load in broiler chicken. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research. 2019;6:253-259.
Ferdous MF, Arefin MS, Rahman MM, Ripon MMR, Rashid MH, Sultana MR, Hossain MT, Ahmad MU, Rafiq K. Beneficial effects of probiotic and phytobiotic as growth promoter alternative to antibiotic for safe broiler production. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research. 2019;6:409-415.
Sanchez SD, Souza DD, Biswas D, Hanning I. Botanical alternatives to antibiotics for use in organic poultry production. Poultry Science. 2015;94:1419-1430.
Amerah AM, Mathis G, Hofacre CL, Faltys G. Effect of xylanase and a blend of essential oils on performance and Salmonella colonization of broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Heidelberg. Poultry Science. 2012;91:943-947.
Subapriya R, Nagini S. Medicinal properties of neem leaves: A review. Anticancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry. 2005;5:149-156.
Bonsu FR, Agyemang KJK, Kwenin WK, Zanu HK. Medicinal response of broiler chicken to diets containing Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf meal, hematology and meat sensory analysis. World Applied Science Journal. 2012;19(6):800- 805.
Abujradah MK, Neeraj, Pandey R. Effect of probiotics, Garlic and Neem leaf powder supplementation on feed efficiency in caged broiler. International Journal of Current Microbiology and applied sciences. 2018;7(6):78-83.
Alam MM, Rakib MAA, Hasan MS, Ali MA. Effects of neem leaf powder as a growth promoter in broilers. International Journal of Natural and Social Science. 2015;2(2): 22-26.
Wankar AK, Shirbhate RN, Bahiram KB, Dhenge SA, Jasutkar RA. Effect of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) leaf powder supplementation on growth in broilers. Veterinary World. 2009;2(10):396-397.
Ansari J, Khan SH, Haq A, Yousaf M. Effect of the levels of Azadirachta indica dried leaf meal as phytogenic feed additive on the growth performance and haemato-biochemical parameters in broiler chicks. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 2012;4(4):336-345.
Singh VK, Chauhan SS, Ravikanth K, Maini S, Rekhe DS. Effect of dietary supplementation of poly herbal liver stimulant on growth performance and nutrients utilization in broiler chicken. Veterinary World. 2009;2(9):350-352.
Sobayo RA, Muhammad SB, Oso AO, Sogunle OM, Adejola YA, Adegbenjo AA. Effects of supplemental neem (Azadirachta indica) and garlic (Allium sativum) on growth and carcass yield of finishing broiler. Journal of Agricultural Science and Environment. 2016;16(2):29-42.
Hossain ME, Siddiqua MT, Hossain MM. Dietary inclusion of neem leaf powder on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters and profitability of broilers. Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science. 2021;50(2):114-122.
Landy N, Ghalamkari G, Toghyani M. Performance, carcass characteristics, and immunity in broiler chickens fed dietary neem (Azadirachta indica) as alternative for an antibiotic growth promoter. Livestock Science. 2011;142:305-309.
Elangovan AV, Verna SVS, Sastrry VRB. Effect of feeding neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf meal on growth and nutrient utilization. CAB International. 2000;Welling Ford, UK, p: 95.
Shihab IM, Al-Zuhariy MTB, Abdullah SM, Mutar SS. Impact of supplementation Neem powder (Azadirachta indica) to diet broiler in immunological, physiological and productive traits. Advances in Environmental Biology. 2017;11(3): 44-51.
Durani FR, Chand N, Jan M, Sultan A, Durani Z, Akhtar S. Immunomodulatory and growth promoting effects of neem leaves infusion in broiler chicks. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture. 2008; 24(4):655-660.
Jawad Z, Younus M, Rehman M, Maqbool A, Munir R, Muhammad K, Korejo RA, Qazi IH. Effect of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) on immunity of commercial broilers against new castle disease and infectious bursal disease. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 2013;8 (37):4596-4603.
Akhter R, Sarker MW. Antimicrobial activity in leaf extract of neem in broiler. Research in Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. 2019;6(2):337-343.
Faiza A, Rehman KU, Asghar M, Sarwar M. Antibacterial activity of various phytoconstituents of neem. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2009;46(3):456-463.
Keta JN, Suberu HA, Shehu K, Yahayya U, Mohammad NK, Gudu GB. Effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss) leaf extract on the growth of Aspergillus species isolated from foliar diseases of rice (Oryza sativa). Science World Journal. 2019;14(1):98-102.
Maphumulo N. Evaluation of ash and soil for control of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize (Doctoral dissertation, North-West University (South Africa). 2022.
Nagrale DT, Sharma L, Kumar S, Gawande SP. Recent diagnostics and detection tools: implications for plant pathogenic alternaria and their disease management. Current trends in plant disease diagnostics and management practices. 2016:111-63.
Biesek J, Kuźniacka J, Banaszak M, Kaczmarek S, Adamski M, Rutkowski A, Zmudzińska A, Perz K, Hejdysz M. Growth performance and carcass quality in broiler chickens fed on legume seeds and rapeseed meal. Animals. 2020;10(5):846.
Meng Z, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Chen J, Sun Z, Ren C, Zhang Z, Cheng X, Huang Y. Nutritive value of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) as a feedstuff resource in livestock nutrition: A review. Food Science & Nutrition. 2021;9(9):5244-62.
Das L, Gunindro N, Ghosh R, Roy M, Debbarama A. Mechanism of action of Azadirachta Indica Linn.(Neem) aqueous leaf extract as hypoglycaemic agent. Indian Medicinal Gazette. 2014;1:29-32.
Alzohairy MA. Therapeutics role of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and their active constituents in diseases prevention and treatment. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2016;2016: 7382506.
Sarkar S, Singh RP, Bhattacharya G. Exploring the role of Azadirachta indica (neem) and its active compounds in the regulation of biological pathways: an update on molecular approach. 3 Biotech. 2021;11(4):178.
Altayb HN, Yassin NF, Hosawi S, Kazmi I. In-vitro and in-silico antibacterial activity of Azadirachta indica (Neem), methanolic extract, and identification of Beta. d-Mannofuranoside as a promising antibacterial agent. BMC Plant Biology. 2022;22(1):1-4.
Wylie MR, Merrell DS. The antimicrobial potential of the neem tree Azadirachta indica. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2022;13:891535.
Mahmoud DA, Hassanein NM, Youssef KA, Abou Zeid MA. Antifungal activity of different neem leaf extracts and the nimonol against some important human pathogens. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology. 2011;42:1007-16.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Pak-Euro Journal of Medical and Life Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.