Prevalence of HDV Infection among HBsAg Positive Patients in District Nasirabad Balochistan
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Objective: To clarify the relationship between HBV single infection and HDV-HBV dual infection in the patients of Nasirabad District of Balochistan.
Methodology: The 200 HBsAg positive individuals including 68% male and 32% female patients from diverse age groups were collected from the Department of General Surgery, Bolan Medical Complex and Hospital (BMCH), Quetta and Nasirabad DHQs Hospitals in Balochistan between August 2022 and November 2022. First, the serum samples from patients whose tests for HBV using the Immunochromatographic Technology (ICT) were positive were gathered. First, the serum samples from patients whose tests for HBV using the Immunochromatographic Technology (ICT) were positive were gathered.
Results: It had 136 (68%) men and 64 (32%) women, with mean ages of 32.50 (for men) and 36.68 (for women) (Female). HBsAg positive samples were subjected to anti-HDV ELISA screening, Furthermore, anti-HDV antibodies were found in 6 samples (3.09% of the total HBsAg positive samples). This means that 2 out of 200 samples tested positive for both HBV and HDV infections, or 3% of the total. It was discovered that the mean values for AST, ALT, and bilirubin were, respectively, 77 IU/L, 93 IU/L, and 1.9 mg/dL.
Conclusion: Since subpar health standards considerably contribute to the spread of infections, healthcare standards and procedures also need to be improved. Concerned authorities should educate the public about HBV-HDV co-infection and any potential risk factors by holding seminars, workshops, and door-to-door polls.
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Marcellin P, Kutala BK. Liver diseases: A major, neglected global public health problem requiring urgent actions and large‐scale screening. Liver International. 2018;38:2
Ashhab AA, Rodin H, Campos M, Abu-Sulb A, Hall JA, Powell J, Debes JD. Response to hepatitis B virus vaccination in individuals with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. PLoS One. 2020;15(8):e0237398.
Lazarus JV, Al‐Rifai A, Sanai FM, Alghamdi AS, Sharara AI, Saad MF, van Selm L, Alqahtani SA. Hepatitis delta virus infection prevalence, diagnosis and treatment in the Middle East: A scoping review. Liver International. 2023;43:116-23.
Baskiran A, Akbulut S, Sahin TT, Koc C, Karakas S, Ince V, Yurdaydin C, Yilmaz S. Effect of HBV-HDV co-infection on HBV-HCC co-recurrence in patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation. Hepatology International. 2020;14(5):869-80.
Asrani SK, Devarbhavi H, Eaton J, Kamath PS. Burden of liver diseases in the world. Journal of hepatology. 2019 ;70(1):151-71.
Mehmood S, Raza H, Abid F, Saeed N, Rehman HM, Javed S, Khan MS. National prevalence rate of hepatitis B and C in Pakistan and its risk factors. Journal of Public Health. 2020;28:751-64.
Al-Sadeq DW, Taleb SA, Zaied RE, Fahad SM, Smatti MK, Rizeq BR, Al Thani AA, Yassine HM, Nasrallah GK. Hepatitis B virus molecular epidemiology, host-virus interaction, coinfection, and laboratory diagnosis in the MENA region: An update. Pathogens. 2019;8(2):63.
Mehmood S, Raza H, Abid F, Saeed N, Rehman HM, Javed S, Khan MS. National prevalence rate of hepatitis B and C in Pakistan and its risk factors. Journal of Public Health. 2020;28:751-64.
Samo AA, Laghari ZA, Baig NM, Khoso GM. Prevalence and risk factors associated with hepatitis B and C in Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 2021;104(3):1101.
Aguilera A, Trastoy R, Rodríguez-Calviño J, Manso T, de Mendoza C, Soriano V. Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis delta in patients with chronic hepatitis B in Spain. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2018;30(9):1060-2.
Seitz S, Habjanič J, Schütz AK, Bartenschlager R. The hepatitis B virus envelope proteins: molecular gymnastics throughout the viral life cycle. Annual review of virology. 2020;7:263-88.
Cai Z, Fan Y, Zhang Z, Lu C, Zhu Z, Jiang T, Shan T, Peng Y. VirusCircBase: a database of virus circular RNAs. Briefings in Bioinformatics. 2021;22(2):2182-90.
Jefferies M, Rauff B, Rashid H, Lam T, Rafiq S. Update on global epidemiology of viral hepatitis and preventive strategies. World journal of clinical cases. 2018;6(13):589.
Revill PA, Tu T, Netter HJ, Yuen LK, Locarnini SA, Littlejohn M. The evolution and clinical impact of hepatitis B virus genome diversity. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2020;17(10):618-34.
Morozov, V. A., & Lagaye, S. (2018). Hepatitis C virus: Morphogenesis, infection and therapy. World Bartolomé FJ, Moraleda G, Castillo I, Martinez MG, Porres JC, Carreño V. Presence of HBV-DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from anti-HIV symptomless carriers. Journal of hepatology. 1990;10(2):186-90.
Liu H, Shi Y, Hayden JC, Ryan PM, Rahmani J, Yu G. Tenofovir treatment has lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma than entecavir treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver Cancer. 2020;9(4):468-76.
Weldemhret L. Epidemiology and challenges of HBV/HIV Co-infection amongst HIV-infected patients in endemic areas. HIV/AIDS-Research and Palliative Care. 2021:485-90.
Aftab M, Amin I, Idrees M, Ali A, Rafique S, Naz S. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis delta and hepatitis B viruses circulating in two major provinces (East and North-West) of Pakistan. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2018;64:65-9.
Seto WK, Lo YR, Pawlotsky JM, Yuen MF. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection. The Lancet. 2018;392(10161):2313-24.
Chauhan R, Lingala S, Gadiparthi C, Lahiri N, Mohanty SR, Wu J, Michalak TI, Satapathy SK. Reactivation of hepatitis B after liver transplantation: Current knowledge, molecular mechanisms and implications in management. World journal of hepatology. 2018;10(3):352.