Demographics and Critical Analysis of Smear-Positive Tuberculosis in District Abbottabad, Pakistan: Implementations for Future Challenges
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31580/pjmls.v4i4.2164Keywords:
: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Multi-Drug Resistance, Symptoms, Sputum Smear Positive, Prevalence.Abstract
Tuberculosis is one of the prime reasons for disease and death worldwide. In terms of tuberculosis prevalence, Pakistan is ranked sixth globally; The World Health Organization estimates that 20,000 people develop Tuberculosis every day, and 5,000 people die worldwide. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that spread through the air, just like a cold or the flu. Common symptoms of active lung TB are cough with sputum and blood, chest pains, weakness, weight loss, fever, and night sweats. Many countries still rely on a long-used method called sputum smear microscopy to diagnose. TB Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a type of Tuberculosis caused by bacteria that do not respond to isoniazid or rifampicin, the two most powerful first-line anti-TB medications available. MDR-TB is treatable and curable by using second-line drugs. This cross-sectional study includes sputum samples from 900 participants suspected of having Tuberculosis. Out of 900 samples, 62% of males and 38% are females. The rate of occurrence of pulmonary Tuberculosis is high in males 77 as compared to females 37. It has been identified that the age group of 55+ shows high smear-positive results while the 18-24 age group are more smear-negative results on testing. Therefore, the overall calculated TB prevalence is 13.7% in district Abbottabad.
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