Factors Responsible for Dental Caries Among Patients and Its Management

Abstract

Dental caries refers to the localized destruction of susceptible dental hard tissues by acidic by-products from the bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates. For the majority of people, it is a chronic condition that advances slowly. This is due to an ecological imbalance in the relationship between oral biofilms (plaque) and tooth minerals. The structure of the teeth dissolves because it frequently occurs in the dental hard tissues. It frequently occurs in the dental hard tissues and dissolves the teeth structure. Dental caries are a major oral health problem. It is the most prevalent chronic pediatric illness and is the primary cause of tooth loss in children. Risk factors include hypoplasia and hypoplasia. The incisors are mostly affected, followed by the primary molars, upper second molars, and canines. Bacteria produce lactic acid from fermented food, which can dissolve the hydroxyapatite crystal structure of the tooth. Sucrose is the main caries-causing contributor, and high sugar intake raises the risk of dental caries. The primary component of dental enamel and dentin is hydroxyapatite, which was created by bacteria during the demineralization process. The use of natural items in therapies for the prevention of dental caries may lower costs, but clinical trials and in vivo toxicity research are still needed Probiotics, herbal and spice extracts, antimicrobial treatments, fluoride, chlorhexidine, quaternary ammonium salts and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been used to treat and prevent dental caries. Fluoride alone does not prevent caries, but careful consumption of sugary foods and maintenance of a balanced diet are essential for controlling dental plaque. Individual oral hygiene practices should be encouraged to reduce free sugar consumption and manage dental plaque to prevent dental caries and periodontitis.