A Comprehensive Review on Salmonella Typhi: Pathogenesis, Clinical Features and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Fatiha Rehman; Abdul Malik Tareen; Muhammad Kamran Taj; Sana Ullah Khan

doi:10.31580/pjmls.v4iSpecial Is.1549

Authors

Fatiha Rehman Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
Abdul Malik Tareen Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
Muhammad Kamran Taj Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, (CASVAB), UoB, Quetta
Sana Ullah Khan Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31580/pjmls.v4iSpecial%20Is.1549

Keywords:

Antibiotics, bacteremia, gastrointestinal infections, Salmonella, Salmonella paratyphi

Abstract

Salmonellosis is a worldwide disease caused by the bacteria of genus Salmonella. Currently, more than 2,500 Salmonella serotypes have been identified. There are few, about eighty, of these serovars associated with most diseases of animals and humans. Most cases of salmonellosis in humans are associated with eating contaminated foods such as beef, pork, chicken, eggs, vegetables, juices and other foods. In humans, Salmonella enterica infection causes two main diseases: gastroenteritis and typhoid. Salmonella-related infections are often life-threatening and require appropriate and effective antibiotic therapy. The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella serotypes has a strong influence on antibiotic use, and an increase in MDR strains may increase mortality from Salmonella infections. Epidemiological studies have shown that more resistant Salmonella is more pathogenic than pathogenic strains affected by disease severity, and the risk is higher in patients using multiple immunosuppressants. Prevention is recommended to eliminate Salmonella infection. And providing good hygiene and clean water is still the most important thing. Additional measures, such as banning the use of antibiotics in animals, are very important. This review provides an overview of Salmonella disease, including Salmonella terminology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and antibiotic resistance. It will provide researchers with the opportunity to expand their research in this area.

Author Biographies

Abdul Malik Tareen, Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan

Salmonellosis is a worldwide disease caused by the bacteria of genus Salmonella. Currently, more than 2,500 Salmonella serotypes have been identified. There are few, about eighty, of these serovars associated with most diseases of animals and humans. Most cases of salmonellosis in humans are associated with eating contaminated foods such as beef, pork, chicken, eggs, vegetables, juices and other foods. In humans, Salmonella enterica infection causes two main diseases: gastroenteritis and typhoid. Salmonella-related infections are often life-threatening and require appropriate and effective antibiotic therapy. The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella serotypes has a strong influence on antibiotic use, and an increase in MDR strains may increase mortality from Salmonella infections. Epidemiological studies have shown that more resistant Salmonella is more pathogenic than pathogenic strains affected by disease severity, and the risk is higher in patients using multiple immunosuppressants. Prevention is recommended to eliminate Salmonella infection. And providing good hygiene and clean water is still the most important thing. Additional measures, such as banning the use of antibiotics in animals, are very important. This review provides an overview of Salmonella disease, including Salmonella terminology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and antibiotic resistance. It will provide researchers with the opportunity to expand their research in this area.
Muhammad Kamran Taj, Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, (CASVAB), UoB, Quetta

Salmonellosis is a worldwide disease caused by the bacteria of genus Salmonella. Currently, more than 2,500 Salmonella serotypes have been identified. There are few, about eighty, of these serovars associated with most diseases of animals and humans. Most cases of salmonellosis in humans are associated with eating contaminated foods such as beef, pork, chicken, eggs, vegetables, juices and other foods. In humans, Salmonella enterica infection causes two main diseases: gastroenteritis and typhoid. Salmonella-related infections are often life-threatening and require appropriate and effective antibiotic therapy. The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella serotypes has a strong influence on antibiotic use, and an increase in MDR strains may increase mortality from Salmonella infections. Epidemiological studies have shown that more resistant Salmonella is more pathogenic than pathogenic strains affected by disease severity, and the risk is higher in patients using multiple immunosuppressants. Prevention is recommended to eliminate Salmonella infection. And providing good hygiene and clean water is still the most important thing. Additional measures, such as banning the use of antibiotics in animals, are very important. This review provides an overview of Salmonella disease, including Salmonella terminology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and antibiotic resistance. It will provide researchers with the opportunity to expand their research in this area.
Sana Ullah Khan, Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan

Salmonellosis is a worldwide disease caused by the bacteria of genus Salmonella. Currently, more than 2,500 Salmonella serotypes have been identified. There are few, about eighty, of these serovars associated with most diseases of animals and humans. Most cases of salmonellosis in humans are associated with eating contaminated foods such as beef, pork, chicken, eggs, vegetables, juices and other foods. In humans, Salmonella enterica infection causes two main diseases: gastroenteritis and typhoid. Salmonella-related infections are often life-threatening and require appropriate and effective antibiotic therapy. The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella serotypes has a strong influence on antibiotic use, and an increase in MDR strains may increase mortality from Salmonella infections. Epidemiological studies have shown that more resistant Salmonella is more pathogenic than pathogenic strains affected by disease severity, and the risk is higher in patients using multiple immunosuppressants. Prevention is recommended to eliminate Salmonella infection. And providing good hygiene and clean water is still the most important thing. Additional measures, such as banning the use of antibiotics in animals, are very important. This review provides an overview of Salmonella disease, including Salmonella terminology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and antibiotic resistance. It will provide researchers with the opportunity to expand their research in this area.

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