THE MAPPING OF SUBSURFACE TEMPERATURE AND STUDY OF GEOTHERMAL GRADIENT ANOMALY IN THE DISCHARGE AREA IN NORTH SULAWESI

Abstract

The aim of this research is to measure and mapping the temperature distribution in several subsurface layers in the manifestation of geothermal warm ground and steaming ground, and analyze the geothermal subsurface gradient, to determine the heat source zone, and the pattern and direction of heat flow from subsurface to surface in  Hydrothermal area of Minahasa Indonesia. The method used is direct measurement in the field. To determine the coordinates of geothermal manifestations and location mapping, using remote sensing techniques. The results showed that at a depth of 200 cm the temperature reaches 102 ⁰C and the heat source comes from the northeast and from the south. At a depth of 150 cm the temperature varies from 52 to 100 ⁰C with an even distribution in almost every direction. At a depth of 50 to 100 cm the maximum temperature reaches 98 ⁰C with heat propagation starting to concentrate then northeast, and then out to the surface in the northeast. The pattern of heat transmission is almost linear along with the geothermal gradient.